Copyright Sams Teach Yourself Shell Programming in 24 Hours

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In the previous example, the command that you used specified the options to ls separately. These options can also be grouped together. For example, the commands $ ls -aF $ ls -Fa are the same as the command $ ls -a -F As you can see, the order of the options does not matter to ls. As an example of option grouping, consider the equivalent following commands: ls -1 -a -F ls -1aF ls -a1F ls -Fa1 Any combination of the options -1, -a, and -F produces identical output: ./ ../ .emacs .exrc .kshrc .profile .rhosts bin/ ch07 ch07.bak docs/ hosts hw1 hw2 hw3 lib/ pub/ res.01 res.02 res.03 test_results users work/ Sams Teach Yourself Shell Programming in 24 Hours Contents Index Hour 3: Working with Files Sections in this Chapter: Previous Chapter Next Chapter Listing Files Summary Viewing the Content of a File Questions Manipulating Files Terms Previous Section Next Section
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Page 1 and 2: Sams Teach Yourself Shell Programmi
Page 3 and 4: ● Using Single Quotes ● Using D
Page 5 and 6: ● Questions Hour 20: Debugging
Page 9 and 10: ● Part I is an introduction to UN
Page 11 and 12: Many of the examples and the answer
Page 17 and 18: $ date [ENTER] Wed Dec 9 08:49:13 P
Page 19 and 20: anga pts/0 Dec 9 08:49 $ Here, the
Page 23 and 24: The original UNIX shell was written
Page 25 and 26: There are three major versions of k
Page 31 and 32: example, when you execute the comma
Page 35 and 36: This executes the compound command
Page 37 and 38: chmod a+x ./logins Here you are usi
Page 41 and 42: Try using the man command to get mo
Page 49: Hidden Files So far you have used l
Page 53 and 54: Numbering Lines The cat command als
Page 55 and 56: command $ wc -w .rhosts produces th
Page 59 and 60: produces the following error: cp: w
Page 61 and 62: m: work directory The two files are
Page 67 and 68: name. Thus both of the following fi
Page 69 and 70: ../docs/ch5.doc represents the file
Page 71 and 72: changes to the directory /usr/local
Page 75 and 76: If you specify several arguments in
Page 77 and 78: Sometimes when you want to create a
Page 79 and 80: $ cp -r docs /mnt/zip/backup cp: ca
Page 81 and 82: Removing Directories You can use tw
Page 87 and 88: $ ls -ld /home/ranga This produces
Page 89 and 90: You can see the relative path by us
Page 91 and 92: Sections in this Chapter: File Type
Page 93 and 94: The permission block for this file
Page 95 and 96: Here, expression is a statement of
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Page 99 and 100: Restrictions The super user, root,
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Sams Teach Yourself Shell Programmi
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Running the same ls command as in t
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Tip - Background Processes That Wri
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the fg command. By default, the pro
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dhorvath 6770 3662 2 10:35:45 pts/6
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By default, a process runs with the
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Process Identifier --The process id
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Variable Names The name of a variab
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Array Variables The Bourne shell, s
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$ band[2]=mike $ band[3]=gene Tip -
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Hour 7: Variables Sections in this
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uses internally. Users can modify t
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Here, command is the name of a comm
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$ ls ch??.doc to accomplish this. M
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© Copyright Macmillan Computer Pub
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is unset. Assigning a Default Value
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© Copyright Macmillan Computer Pub
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It now gives this error result: Hel
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Sections in this Chapter: Quoting w
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To the shell, one or more spaces or
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Quoting Regular Expression Wildcard
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fi list5 Both the elif and the else
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Here you have an elif statement tha
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Consider the following if statement
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If you were to use the - n option i
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else echo "An error was encountered
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1. First the test [ -z "$DTHOME" ]
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esac Here the string contained in $
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The execution of a while loop proce
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5 4 3 2 1 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3
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2. If the exit status of command is
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for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 do ech
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3. When the user enters a value, $R
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The continue Command The continue c
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If you want to list the contents of
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In this version, the basename comma
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USAGE="Usage: ´basename $0´ [-c|-
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uuencoding a file. For readers who
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fi fi echo $MSG You could simplify
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● Formatting escape sequences Emb
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Name User Name Sriranga ranga Sriva
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Table 13.2 Formatting Sequence Type
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printf "%-32s " "$i" if [ -d "$i" ]
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anga ttyp0 Oct 27 19:42 (:0.0) amma
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Say you need to send a list of phon
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"Miscellaneous Tools," I will show
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$ exec 4>fd4.out associates the fil
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command > file 2>&1 list > file 2>&
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when the while loop exits, the valu
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Note - The shell uses the value of
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This function has three important p
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} OLDIFS="$IFS" IFS=: # print each
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} # set the directory to pop to the
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index.html RCS humor misc downloads
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unix has several additional pieces
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pqops.c:/* Function to delete a nod
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Here I specified set2 as the space
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$ tr '!?":;\[\]{}(),.\t\n' ' ' < /h
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in 69 ' 65 the 389 to 164 of 127 No
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tr '[:classname:]' 'set2' Here clas
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single letters, whereas in awk the
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able was I, ere I saw elba Because
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By adding the ^ metacharacter as fo
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\$[0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]\/[a-zA-Z]*/ If
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Here you list the name of a fruit a
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$ rm fruit_prices.txt.$$ Performing
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Fortunately, the s command provides
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 ranga users 8 Nov 27 1
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The original awk has remained almos
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Kiwi 22 Pineapple 35 Apple 78 All t
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Pineapple $1.29 35 REORDER Apple $0
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$ ls -l produces output formatted s
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The value that you assign a variabl
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x=x+1 In awk this can be written in
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the pattern specifies. To solve you
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awk -F: '{ ... }' The major differe
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identical to expressions you looked
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The basic syntax is do { actions }
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B:amount Here amount is the balance
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The OUTPUT variable contains the >
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: ${LINES:=24} ${TERM:?"TERM not se
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Sections in this Chapter: The eval
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eports/1998 The starting directory.
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find: -type Option The -type option
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find / -name alpha -size +50 -mtime
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18 quit $ obase=16 sets the output
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The default action for the signals
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fi Init() { printf "INFO: Initializ
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4. Wait for the program to finish e
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} if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then echo "Sub-
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A third way of enabling debugging i
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Here the debugging mode is enabled
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if [ $YN = "y" ] ; then Making this
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$ /bin/sh -nv ./buggy2.sh the outpu
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Deleting old backups, please wait..
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If you do not type a response and p
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To deactivate debugging, use either
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3 MSG="hello" 4 echo_error $MSG Her
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echo "ERROR: File $MYFILE was not f
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previous call to this function. Aft
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} Before you look at some examples
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dev/hda1 1190014 664661 463867 59%
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The number returned is in kilobytes
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getUID() { id $1 | sed -e 's/(.*$//
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63 printf "$1 (y/n)? " 64 65 if [ -
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}' 171 # Args: $1 -> the command na
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Some UNIX versions implement a work
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24 printERROR "The source $1 is not
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easily modify the script to replace
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Hour 22: Problem Solving with Shell
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To maintain your address book, you
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produces two matches: Name: Srirang
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26 # enable erasing input 27 28 stt
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2. Based on user feedback, delete t
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73 promptYESNO "Delete this entry"
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MYADDRESSBOOK="$HOME/addressbook" i
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Here, options is one or more of the
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Now that you have looked at using t
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Abstraction is a technique used to
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warning: '-' deprecated; use 'ps au
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produce the same result if the curr
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The structure of the UNIX directory
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OLDPREFIX=aaa NEWPREFIX=bbb for FIL
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history (Korn/Bash) shows the most
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Sections in this Chapter: Reserved
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^ bitwise exclusive OR operation |
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Bash array initialization USERVAR=(
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order to fix problems. default beha
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minor number UNIX uses this to asso
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important parameters. This is usual
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Sections in this Chapter: Chapter 1
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USAGE="Usage: ´basename $0´ [-v]
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Appendix C: Quiz Answers Sections i
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awk -F: ' $1 == "B" { BAL=$NF ; nex
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} if [ $DEF_TOUT -ne 0 ] ; then sle
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Sections in this Chapter: Chapter 1
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} fi if [ ! -d "$1" ] ; then printE
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numeric variables, 1st pattern-spec
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wildcards, 1st Bourne shells. See s
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(colon), 1st character, 1st, 2nd, 3
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grep, 1st, 2nd line numbers, 1st li
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stty addperson script, 1st tail, 1s
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emoving temporary files, 1st displa
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mv command, 1st, 2nd rmdir command,
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interactive mode, 1st multiple inpu
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starting directory, 1st, 2nd findin
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installation scripts disk usage, 1s
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eak command, 1st, 2nd, 3rd continue
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mvdir.sh, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
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edirection, 1st, 2nd appending to f
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[0-9]*, 1st percent sign (%) job nu
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profiles shell specific startup wit
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hardware type, 1st, 2nd improving,
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(standard error), 1st displaying me
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prompt, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th quoting
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egp command, 1st -k option sort com
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Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
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