Kori Bustard Husbandry Manual - Gruiformes

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Kori Bustard Husbandry Manual – Section 1. Natural History 5. Diet and Feeding Behavior Kori bustards are omnivorous and their food is likely quite diverse, albeit not well documented. Mwangi (1988) recorded kori bustards in East Africa mainly consuming flowers, seeds, fruits, and pods. Insect prey consisted of Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera. Non-insect prey consumed included Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Annelida and Reptilia. In Namibia, Osborne (1998) recorded kori bustards eating insects, lizards, leaves, seeds, acacia gum and flowers. When drinking, kori bustards use a sucking action (Hallager 1994) to draw up water. This form of drinking is unusual in birds and is believed to be an adaptation to an arid climate where water can be scarce. In Namibia, Osborne (1998) recorded kori bustards were most active at 0900 and 1700 and rested during the heat of the day (1130 to 1530). He observed that koris arose from their sleeping spot about 30 minutes before sunrise and began to feed. Osborne's observations are similar to data provided by Mwangi and Karanja (1993) in Kenya. - 8 -
6. Reproduction Kori Bustard Husbandry Manual – Section 1. Natural History 6.1 Sexual maturity and age at first reproduction Osborne and Osborne (2001) documented a female (Ardeotis kori kori) banded as a chick with chicks of her own three years later. Age of first reproduction in male A. k. kori is unknown. Age of first reproduction in East African populations (A. k. struthiunculus) is unknown but likely similar to southern populations. 6.2 Seasonality (Johnsgard 1993) For both subspecies, breeding is closely tied in with rainfall. Breeding may be greatly reduced or even absent in years with low rainfall. Region Breeding Season South Africa September to February Namibia November to January Zimbabwe September to December, April East Africa region January to June, with records also from August & November Ethiopia March to June Somalia March to June 6.3 Male display During the breeding season, males gather either singly or in loose lek-like formations and perform “balloon” displays to attract females. Displays can occur throughout the day, but are usually most intense in the early morning and late afternoon/evening. During the height of the male display, the esophagus inflates to as much as four times its normal size and resembles a balloon (Fig. 6.1). This display may be seen up to 1 km away. With the neck expanded, the tail and wing feathers pointed downward, and the crest erected, the male emits a low-pitched six-note booming vocalization as he snaps his bill open and shut (Fig 6.2 and 6.3). Prior to copulation, the male spends about five to ten minutes pecking on the head of the recumbent females (see Section 2: Chapter 6.1.2). Actual copulation lasts no more than a few seconds. Once over, the male leaves and resumes displaying to attract another female. He plays no role in incubation or chick rearing. Fig. 6.1 Debi Talbott© Fig. 6.2 Debi Talbott© Fig. 6.3 Debi Talbott© - 9 -
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