Vocabulary - Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL

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łopatka mostek obojczyk paliczki rzepka żebra żuchwa Exercise 4 Read the description of the human skeleton adding the missing names of the bones, either common or technical. The skeleton of an adult human is formed by 206 bones. The bones are organised into two groups known as the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull and the bones of the trunk (the vertebral column, rib cage and sternum, or 1……...…...). The skull is made up of eight bones which form the cranium and fourteen bones which make the skeleton of the face. The only movable bone is the 2….……..…. or lower jaw bone. The spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae. The rib cage (thoracic cage) is formed of twelve pairs of ribs with the top seven pairs of ribs attached directly to the 3………………. and known as true ribs. The next five pairs are called false ribs because they are not joined to the sternum directly. The 8th , 9th and 10th ribs are fused with the rib above, but the 11th and 12th , called floating ribs, are unattached in front. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of extremities ( 4……………..….) and the bones that attach them to the axial skeleton. The shoulder girdle is formed by the 5………………. or collarbones and the scapulae, or 6……..…… . It supports the upper limb attaching its skeleton to the axial skeleton. The bone of the upper arm is called the 7………….…. . The 8……………….. is the outer and shorter bone of the forearm. The other bone, inner and longer, is the 9…………..…… The wrist contains eight bones called the 10…………….., each hand is formed of five bones <strong>Vocabulary</strong> axial skeleton kościec osiowy (głowy i tułowia) appendicular skeleton kościec kończyn thoracic cage (rib cage) klatka piersiowa extremities (limbs) kończyny shoulder girdle obręcz kończyny górnej 25
<strong>Vocabulary</strong> pelvic girdle obręcz kończyny dolnej flexible giętki, elastyczny tough twardy, wytrzymały framework szkielet brain mózg heart serce lungs płuca spinal cord rdzeń kręgowy viscus, pl. viscera narząd trzewny, trzewie bone marrow szpik kostny bloodstream krwiobieg 26 ( 11 ……………….) and each set of 12 ……….….. has 14 bones known as phalanges. The pelvic girdle consists of the right hip bone and the left hip bone and connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. Each lower limb has four bones. These are the femur, or 13 ………….….. bone, the 14 ….............….., or kneecap, and two bones in the lower leg which are the tibia, or 15 …..........….. bone and the fibula. The ankle contains seven bones ( 16 …………….…..), the foot has five bones ( 17 …………..….) and each set of 18 ….................... contains 14 bones. The bones are connected by joints (articulations) with tough bands of white fibrous connective tissue known as ligaments. Tendons, which are fibrous cords or bands attach the skeletal muscles to the bones. The skeleton, which is strong, movable and flexible, forms the framework of the body and is responsible for movement (locomotion). Its parts also protect soft tissues and internal organs. The skull protects the brain, the rib cage protects the heart and the lungs, the vertebral column protects the spinal cord and the pelvic bones give some protection to the viscera. In the bone marrow within bones blood cells are produced. The bones store calcium and other minerals which are released into the bloodstream when needed. Exercise 5 In the text above, what bones do these numbers refer to? Example: 1. There is only one (1) movable bone in the facial skeleton. It is the mandible, or lower jaw. 2. 2 7. 8 3. 3 8. 12 4. 4 9. 14 5. 5 10. 33 6. 7 11. 206 NOTE: With many foreign nouns the original plural is used, with some it is either the original plural or the more recently introduced anglicised plural, e.g. one scapula but two scapulae or two scapulas.
Page 1 and 2: 22 Unit 2 The skeletal system In th
Page 3: 24 NOTE Over ninety per cent (90%)
Page 7 and 8: 28 Exercise 8 Complete the table wi
Page 9: 30 1. superior a. inside the body,

Vocabulary - Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL

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