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Table 4c. The measurements of centra of Marisaurus MSM-40-8 MSM-41-2 MSM-42-2 Length without articular cone 9.6 10.8 6.6 Length with articular cone 16.0 15.0 10.3 Length from lowest cone of anterior chevron facet to posterior chevron facet - - - Proximal height without chevron ridge - - - Proximal height with chevron ridg - - - Distal height without chevron ridge 11.5 9.5 7.1 Distal height with chevron ridge 12.0 10.2 - Proximal transverse width - - - Distal transverse width 14.0 10.6 9.5 Middle transverse width above 12.0 10.1 8.5 Middle transverse width below 9.0 7.0 - Middle transverse width between ventral ridges 7.5 5.0 - Ratio of mid transverse width above and below 1.33 1.44 - Table 5a. The measurements of centra of Balochisaurus MSM-44-15 MSM-44(a)-15 MSM-45-15 MSM-46-15 MSM-47-15 MSM-48-15 Length without articular cone 8.0 8.5 9.5 8.5 8.4 9.0 Length with articular cone 12.0 13.0 14.5 12.5 12.3 13.0 Length from lowest cone of anterior chevron facet to posterior chevron facet 4.1 - - 3.2 3.0 - Proximal height without chevron ridge - - - - - - Proximal height with chevron ridge - - - - - - Distal height without chevron ridge 10.0 9.5 9.6 7.7 7.3 6.9 Distal height with chevron ridge 10.9 10.5 10.7 9.2 8.7 8.4 Proximal transverse width - 11.5 - - - 9.5 Distal transverse width 11.7 10.6 11.1 10.3 9.7 8.7 Middle transverse width above 9.5 8.9 9.4 9.1 8.7 7.4 Middle transverse width below 4.5 4.5 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.7 Middle transverse width between ventral ridges 2.4 2.3 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 Ratio of mid transverse width above and below 2.11 1.97 2.00 1.82 1.89 1.57 135
Table 5b. The measurements of centra of Balochisaurus MSM-49-16 MSM-50-4 MSM-51-4 MSM-52-9 Length without articular cone 8.9 7.6 8.3 8.0 Length with articular cone 14.0 1.6 12.0 8.3 Length from lowest cone of anterior chevron facet to posterior chevron facet - 4.2 - - Proximal height without chevron ridge - 8.0 - - Proximal height with chevron ridge - 8.9 - - Distal height without chevron ridge 8.7 7.5 8.1 8.3 Distal height with chevron ridge - 9.2 9.1 9.1 Proximal transverse width - 9.3 - - Distal transverse width 9.8 9.1 9.7 8.7 Middle transverse width above 8.7 8.1 8.7 - Middle transverse width below - 4.0 4.5 - Middle transverse width between ventral ridges - 2.5 2.8 - Ratio of mid transverse width above and below - 2.02 1.93 - Table 6. The measurements of centra of Vitakridrinda MSM-53-2 MSM-54-2 MSM-55-2 MSM-56-1 MSM-57-3 MSM-58-15 Length - - 8.7 - 7.3 7.9 Width 6.4 - 5.5 3.5 6.6 5.6 Height 7.5 8.2 6.4 5.7 5.7 5.8 Phylogeny of Pakistani Titanosaurs In 1841 Richard Owen described the scattered remains of the first Sauropod known to science as Cetiosaurus or whale lizard. Since that time abundant Sauropods remains have been discovered on every continent except Antarctica. Sauropods constitute a major proportion of the large herbivores in most continental faunas of Jurassic and Cretaceous age (Wilson and Sereno, 1998). Sauropoda is among the most diverse and widespread dinosaur lineages, having attained a near global distribution by the middle Jurassic that was built on throughout the Cretaceous. These gigantic herbivores are characterized by numerous skeletal specializations that accrued over a 140 million year history. The diversification of Titanosauria during the Cretaceous and origin of the Sauropod body plan during the Late Triassic remains frontiers for future studies 136 (Wilson, 2002). Neosauropoda is composed of two lineages, Macronaria and Diplodocoidea. Macronarians are characterized by a substantial number of appendicular synapomorphies that may be involved in the acquisition of a novel wide gauge locomotory style in Titanosaurs. Diplodocoids in contrast are known from comparably fewer taxa whose relationships are based on predominantly cranial and axial features (Wilson, 2002). On the basis of narrow crown peg/pencil, circular to sub-circular/sub-cylinder teeth morphology, the Pakistani Titanosaurs relate to the diplodocoids- titanosaurs lineage. Because the Camarasurids-Brachiosaurids lineage has broad spatulate teeth crowns, therefore they can not be correlated with the Pakistani Titanosaurs on the bases of this character. On the other hand on the basis of
Page 1 and 2: Journal of Applied and Emerging Sci
Page 3 and 4: Drazinda formations, Oligocene-Plio
Page 5 and 6: anteriormost caudals) and mid-cauda
Page 7 and 8: femora; thick transversely proximal
Page 9 and 10: have been documented. This nagging
Page 11 and 12: Age Formation Lithologic log Alluvi
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5.First (top) row: MSM-11-4,
Page 15 and 16: Figure 9.First (top) row: MSM-29-15
Page 17 and 18: Maxill Premaxi lla External nare Ma
Page 19 and 20: Figure 16a. MSM-61-19, Vitakridrind
Page 21 and 22: Figure 19a. MSM-74-16, MSM-75-9, tw
Page 23 and 24: Age Formation Lithologic log Descri
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. The measurements of centra
Page 27: Table 4a. The measurements of centr
Page 31 and 32: during middle Tertiary. Indo-Pakist
Page 33: Dinosaur beds/Vitakri Member of Pab

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