Guidebook - Ispra

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Volume n° 1 - from PR01 to B15 B12 B12 - Leader: M. Sandulescu
Figure 1 - Tectonic Sketch of Romania (acc. to Săndulescu, 1994). Carpathian Foreland: 1- East European Craton, 2 - Scythian (Sy) and Moesian (Mo) platforms, 3 - North Dobrogea Orogene. Carpathians: 4 - Inner Dacides (Northern Apusenides), 5 - Transylvanides, 6 - Pienides (5 + 6 - Main Tethyan Suture), 7 - Median Dacides (Crist. - Mesoz. Zone, Getic and Supragetic), 8 - Outer Dacides (Ceahlau- Severin), 9 - Marginal Dacides (Danubian), 10 - Moldavides, 11 - Post - tectogenetic covers, 12 - Neogene Molasse depressions and Foredeep, 13 - Up. Cret.- Paleoc. magmatic arcs, 14 - Neogene magmatic arcs, 15 - thrust - sheets, 16 - faults. (Figure 2). The European Continental Margin (ECM) groups together the main part of the East Carpathians (the Pienides belong to the MTS) and the South Carpathians. There are two basic types of units: basement shearing nappes and cover nappes. The first type is built up of crystalline formations (metamorphics and sometimes acid and/or intermediate granitoids) and their normal sedimentary envelope (sedimented on the continental margin). This type of unit, which developed in the FAM too, constitute the Central East Carpathians (the Crystalline-Mesozoic Zone excepting the Transylvanian nappes which are obducted from the MTS - Figure 1,2), its correspondent in the South Carpathians (Getic-Supragetic ensemble) and the Danubian GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ROMANIAN CARPATHIANS (Figure 1). The cover type of nappes are well developed in the Flysch Zone of the East Carpathians and in the Subcarpathians. In the South Carpathians only the Severin Nappe (situated tectonically between the Getic Nappe and the Danubian) is of this type. Geotectonic History. End-Proterozoic (Panafrican) cratonisation is recognized in the whole Carpathian Foreland and in the Carpathian Orogen as relics. This huge cratonic area, preserved actually in the East European Craton, was split south and west of the former within the Paleozoic mobile areas. The folded basement of the Scythian Platform proceeds from one of these, while the Paleozoic metamorphic series of the Carpathians comes from another branch. Within these branches, remnants of Paleozoic oceanic crust-bearing domains Figure 2 - The major Tethyan sutures and continental areas in the Carpathian realm (post- tectonic covers is not shown) (acc. to Săndulescu, 1987). 1 a - Inner Dacides, 1/2 - Bükk Unit and correlative units, 2 - Major Tethyan Suture (Vardar, South Pannonian, Transylvanides, Pienides etc), 3 - Măgura Group (belonging to the suture, 4 - Median Dacides (Central East - Carpathians, Getic & Supragetic nappes), 5 - Outer Dacides (Ceahlău - Severin), 6 - Marginal Dacides (Danubian), 7 - Moldavides. Bc - Bucharest, Be - Beograd, Bd - Budapest, K - Krakow, W - Wien. B12 5 - B12 Volume n° 1 - from PR01 to B15
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