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22 FLORAL SYMBOLISM angel Gabriel's hand indicates the quality by which Mary found favour in God's sight, and it foreshadows also the sinless birth of the Saviour. It should be clearly understood to which figure in a composition the symbols used refer. When a personage of mortal birth, prophet, apostle, martyr or saint, holds a symbol or attribute, it almost invariably refers to his own history. Archangels usually hold their own attribute, but the symbols or emblems which angels carry, or which are used decoratively, placed against the sky or laid upon the ground, are always to be referred to the principal figure in the scene represented. The sword and lily in a ' Last Judgment ' represent the omni- potence and integrity of the Judge; the rose and lily in an ' Assumption ' the love and the purity of the Madonna; the palm in a martyrdom the triumph of the martyr.
II THE FLOWER SYMBOLISTS Christian symbolists divided the plant world into three divisions—the good, the bad, and those which, from want of definite characteristics, were not worthy of notice. In their judgment they were guided by several principles. In the first place, and this was the most important method, they searched the Scriptures for their warrant as to the good or evil tendencies of any plant or flower. Those with whom the Divinity had identified Himself took precedence of all others. Christ had said, ' I am the True Vine,' and the vine, since the earliest days of Christianity, has had the place of highest honour in the decoration of Christian churches as the emblem of Christ Himself. When the difficulties were removed which prevented the Early Church from representing Christ under His own form, the emblem was less seen, but it has always remained a sacred plant, and 23
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Page 7 and 8: THE FLORAL SYMBOLISM OF THE GREAT M
Page 9: PREFACE This little book has been w
Page 12 and 13: VI CONTENTS XX. The Fruit of the Tr
Page 14 and 15: viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS fLATB XI
Page 16 and 17: 10 FLORAL SYMBOLISM poverty perhaps
Page 18 and 19: 12 FLORAL SYMBOLISM occupied the re
Page 20 and 21: 14 FLORAL SYMBOLISM anity the emble
Page 22 and 23: i6 FLORAL SYMBOLISM find no higher
Page 24 and 25: i8 FLORAL SYMBOLISM beneath the pat
Page 26 and 27: 20 FLORAL SYMBOLISM among the early
Page 30 and 31: 24 FLORAL SYMBOLISM designs based u
Page 32 and 33: 26 FLORAL SYMBOLISM with unbending
Page 34 and 35: 28 FLORAL SYMBOLISM which from bein
Page 36 and 37: 30 FLORAL SYMBOLISM perance; the el
Page 38 and 39: 32 FLORAL SYMBOLISM It forms the cr
Page 40 and 41: 34 FLORAL SYMBOLISM of the world, a
Page 42 and 43: 36 FLORAL SYMBOLISM the lily of the
Page 44 and 45: 38 FLORAL SYMBOLISM stone flowers c
Page 46: 40 FLORAL SYMBOLISM the sincerity a
Page 49 and 50: Ill THE LILY GiOACCHiNO Di FiORE, t
Page 51 and 52: THE LILY 43 sweet and piercing. The
Page 53 and 54: THE LILY 45 sinlessness. If angels
Page 55 and 56: THE LILY 47 flower in the Christ-Ch
Page 57 and 58: THE LILY 49 His left hand the Hly w
Page 59 and 60: THE LILY 51 Judgment/ and in the La
Page 61 and 62: THE LILY 53 The miniaturists occasi
Page 63 and 64: THE LILY 55 what specially endeared
Page 65 and 66: THE LILY 57 traditions of Byzantine
Page 67 and 68: THE LILY 59 plicity. Each artist kn
Page 69 and 70: THE LILY 6i throwing back its scarl
Page 71 and 72: THE IRIS 63 holds only white lilies
Page 73 and 74: THE IRIS 65 used exclusively as the
Page 75 and 76: THE IRIS 67 the crowns of flowers t
Page 77 and 78: THE IRIS 69 Philip the Good of Burg
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V THE ROSE Roses, among the Romans,
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THE ROSE 73 But the Church, always
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THE ROSE 75 down upon the redeemed
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THE ROSE ^j holds the crown of thor
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THE ROSE 79 The rose represents Chr
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THE ROSE 8i In the Sarum Book of Ho
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VI THE CARNATION In early German de
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THE CARNATION 85 therefore more in
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THE CARNATION 87 frid Strabo ' and
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GARLANDS OF ROSES 89 Beneath Byzant
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GARLANDS OF ROSES 91 et dans les pe
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GARLANDS OF ROSES 93 Then follows t
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GARLANDS OF ROSES 95 compact little
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GARLANDS OF ROSES 97 picted Heaven
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GARLANDS OF ROSES 99 These hedges i
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Stefaiio da Zevio THE 'ENCLOSED GAR
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' 102 FLORAL SYMBOLISM of the Pope,
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We read in Isaiah : VIII THE COLUMB
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io6 FLORAL SYMBOLISM of Christian s
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io8 FLORAL SYMBOLISM in the foregro
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no FLORAL SYMBOLISM special meaning
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IX THE OLIVE * Strew thrice nine ol
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114 FLORAL SYMBOLISM soul of the de
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ii6 FLORAL SYMBOLISM no novelty, no
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ii8 FLORAL SYMBOLISM have seen, thr
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120 FLORAL SYMBOLISM the hand of th
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122 FLORAL SYMBOLISM times found be
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THE OLIVE 123 One of the putti whic
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THE OLIVE 125 come the savagery of
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THORNS 127 of the Crown of Thorns o
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THE CROWN OF THORNS (Museo Provinci
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130 FLORAL SYMBOLISM which are the
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132 FLORAL SYMBOLISM has no thorns,
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XI THE PALM The Romans took palms f
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136 FLORAL SYMBOLISM the rule of Ju
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138 FLORAL SYMBOLISM branch of the
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140 FLORAL SYMBOLISM of laurel in t
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142 FLORAL SYMBOLISM In this same e
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144 FLORAL SYMBOLISM the Evangelist
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XII THE ACANTHUS One plant, the aca
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THE ACANTHUS 147 the abside, enclos
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THE FLEUR-DE-LYS 149 3. This flower
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THE FLEUR-DE-LYS 151 sorte pour dcu
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THE FLEUR-DE-LYS 153 Louis of Franc
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THE FLEUR-DE-LYS 155 The miniature
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THE FLEUR-DE-LYS 157 Twenty-seven y
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THE FLEUR-DE-LYS 159 it has the set
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THE FLEUR-DE-LYS i6i It was of whit
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THE LILY OF THE ANNUNCIATION 163 se
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THE LILY OF THE ANNUNCIATION 165 ca
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THE LILY OF THE ANNUNCIATION 167 bo
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Piiifuriccliio Photo Alinari THE RO
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170 FLORAL SYMBOLISM of the thirtee
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172 FLORAL SYMBOLISM figures worshi
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174 FLORAL SYMBOLISM The same idea
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176 FLORAL SYMBOLISM on meeting him
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178 FLORAL SYMBOLISM In the famous
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i8o FLORAL SYMBOLISM representation
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i82 FLORAL SYMBOLISM nection, and c
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i84 FLORAL SYMBOLISM ate, till its
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i86 FLORAL SYMBOLISM recognition of
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i88 FLORAL SYMBOLISM lived fashion
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LILY OF THE ANGEL GABRIEL 189 the s
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XVI THE FLOWERS OF THE DIVINITY The
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THE FLOWERS OF THE DIVINITY 193 as
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THE FLOWERS OF THE DIVINITY 195 For
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XVII THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN Ther
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 199 or bl
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 201 offer
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 203 with
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 205 of sy
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 207 are m
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 209 Child
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 211 grows
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 213 empty
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 215 no to
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THE FLOWERS OF THE VIRGIN 217 at th
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XVIII THE LILY OF THE SAINTS The an
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: THE LILY OF THE SAINTS 221 Virgin
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THE LILY OF THE SAINTS 223 were man
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THE LILY OF THE SAINTS 225 obeyed e
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THE LILY OF THE SAINTS 227 pink flo
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THE LILY OF THE SAINTS 229 It was n
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THE LILY OF THE SAINTS 231 present
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THE LILY OF THE SAINTS 233 and coll
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XIX THE VINE The principal of the a
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THE VINE 237 placed reversed round
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THE VINE 239 the Holy Family with S
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FRUIT OF TREE OF KNOWLEDGE 241 Besi
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FRUIT OF TREE OF KNOWLEDGE 243 and
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To face page 245
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246 FLORAL SYMBOLISM human baby, bo
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248 FLORAL SYMBOLISM released souls
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FRUIT OF TREE OF KNOWLEDGE 249 only
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FRUIT OF TREE OF KNOWLEDGE 251 sits
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FRUIT OF TREE OF KNOWLEDGE 253 thou
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FRUIT OF TREE OF KNOWLEDGE 255 of H
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XXI THE GOURD In the works of Crive
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THE GOURD 259 Himself, answering th
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XXII THE POMEGRANATE Neri di Bicci/
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Botticelli THE CHILD WITH THE POMEG
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264 FLORAL SYMBOLISM But possibly t
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266 FLORAL SYMBOLISM Jeremy Taylor,
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XXIII THE STRAWBERRY The strawberry
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270 FLORAL SYMBOLISM emblem of the
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XXIV FRUIT IN GARLANDS Fruit in gen
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274 FLORAL SYMBOLISM there is ever
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276 FLORAL SYMBOLISM hangs above th
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278 These are the values of the flo
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o THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN BY HUBERT VAN
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Hubert van E\ke THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN
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282 which moved the Son to take a h
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IN THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION BY MUR
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Muriilo I'll of (> Anderson THE IMM
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286 II These are the symbols. On th
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LIST OF AUTHORITIES Antony, Joseph,
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INDEX OF ARTISTS Angelico da Fiesol
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INDEX OF FLOWERS Acanthus, Chap. xi
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UUST RUBI-ISHEP THE CHILDHOOD OF AR
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FEB 1 j9pr PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CAR
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