foucault-and-the-iranian-revolution-janet-afary

336
modernity and modernization (continued)
weight 0[," 78-81; effects of, 226;
Foucault's approach to questioned,
5-6; instruments of used in resistance,
4; Iran's crisis of, 1 94-98; Islamism
and modem communication, 98;
Islamism as tamer of, 59; levers of
state power and, 280n 1; rational state
and, 129; secularization and, 234;
and tradition blended in Islamism,
98; in Turkey, 232; tyranny of, 51;
urbanization and unemployment
and, 8 1 -82. See also modem and
traditional social orders; technologies
of modernity
Moghadam, Nasser, 203, 296n46
Molla Nasreddin, 160
Le Monde: criticism of Foucault in, 6;
critique of Islamism in, 6; Foucault
as writer for, 3; Franceschini review
in, 126, 288n11; on Khomeini's
assumption of power, 106; Rodinson
series in, 102, 287n26
Mongols, attacks by, 100, 226
Montazari, Ayatollah Hussein Ali, 70, 159
moralism in Islamic history, 100
Mork, Gordon, 55-56
Morocco, 161, 176
Moses, 55
Mossadeq, Muhammad, 73, 84, 110, 202,
221, 296n47, 298n82; overthrow of,
78, 191, 211, 294n13, 296n42
Moullard, Claudine, 113
Mozambique, women in, 171
Mu'awiyah, 40-41
Mubarak, Hosni, 1 66-67
Muhammad, origin of two branches of
Islam and, 40 -4 1
Muhammad (Rodinson), 99, 287n24
Muhammad Reza Shah. See Pahlavi,
Muhammad Reza Shah
Muharram celebration: Ashura, 41, 44, 45,
48, 63, 103; banned by Reza Shah,
45-46; conversion to Islam and,
5 4; gender boundaries and, 47-48;
genealogy of, 43-46; martyrdom and,
2 1 6; mourning rituals, 47-48; origin
of, 298n73; penitence rituals, 44,
47, 53, 284n6; as political weapon,
Index
103; practices of the self and, 46-49;
revival of under Khomeini, 64;
Sunnis condemned in, 54; three-part
commemoration ofKarbala in, 43-44;
varieties of, 42; violence resulting
from, 54. See also demonstrations of
1978
Mujahedeen Khalq, 38, 61, 64, 74, 109,
296-97n52, 297n67
multiple sites of resistance to Islamism,
173-75
Munster, 201, 296n38
Murray, Stephen, 156
Muslim Brotherhood, 233, 235
"The Mythical Leader of the Iranian Revolt"
(Foucault), 97-98, 220-23
Nabavi, Ibrahim, 142-43
Nabavi, Negin, 63
Nagasaki, Japan, scientific worldview and,
59
Naguib, Muhammad, 235
Najaf, Iraq, 42, 58
Najafabadi, Ne'matollah Salehi, 285n21
Najafi, Ayatollah Marashi, 71
Najmabadi, Afsaneh, 292n27
Nameh-yi Kanun-i Nevisandegan, 181
Naraghi, Ehsan, 91, 142-43, 295n34
Naser ai-Din Shah, 45
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 58, 166, 193, 23 1,
285n18
Nasserist nationalism, 228
national colors of iran, 296n36
National Democratic Front, call for
founding of, 110
National Front: accelerated internal
liberalization and, 203; "Amini
solution" and, 212; in anti-shah
movement, 64; Bakhtiar expelled by,
299n96; in Bazargan government,
109; as bowing out during revolution,
239; cracking of Pahlavi regime
and, 71-72; directions of members
in 1970s, 74; Khomeini's hostility
toward, 86; liberalization and, 221;