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ever interpreted their conversion to Islam as a kind of ultimate<br />

form of Ranterism, or even as a means of escape from<br />

(and revenge upon) a civilization of economic and sexual<br />

misery-from a smug Christianity based on slavery, repression,<br />

and elite privilege. Renegado apostasy as self-expression<br />

- mass apostasy as class expression - the Renegadoes as<br />

a kind of proto-proletarian "vanguard": such concepts as<br />

these have no existence outside this book, and even I hesitate<br />

to advance them as anything more than quaint hypotheses.<br />

The "vanguard" failed, the Renegadoes vanished, and their<br />

incipient culture of resistance evaporated with them. But<br />

their experience was not meaningless. nor do they deserve to<br />

be buried in oblivion. Someone should salute their insurrectionary<br />

fervor, and their "temporary autonomous zone" on<br />

the banks ofthe Bou Regreg river in Morocco. Let this book<br />

serve as their monument; and through it let the Renegadoes<br />

re-enter the uneasy dreams of civilization.<br />

AFTEl\ WOl\D TO THE SECOND EDITION<br />

x.<br />

THE Tl\OUBLESOME TUl\KE: A<br />

MOOI\ISH PIl\ATE IN OLD NEW YOl\K<br />

In Memory of Christopher Hill<br />

Some years ago I went to the Main Branch of the New<br />

York Public Library in search of some book that would tell<br />

me all about "pirate utopias", pirate settlements on land. I<br />

failed to discover any such book. So far as I know there was<br />

then no such book. It seemed that if I wanted to read it someone<br />

would first have to write it.<br />

As it happens, the NYPL owns a huge number of books<br />

on piracy, most ofthem (at that time) squirrelled away in the<br />

11th Avenue Annex. I did a bit ofidle reading there, and put<br />

together a lecture on the subject for the Anarchist Forum<br />

(Libertarian Book Club) at the old Workmen's Circle in<br />

New York. The lecture was well received, but no one in the<br />

audience took up my chaUenge to write a book on pirate<br />

utopias. Years went by, I got tired ofwaiting, and decided to<br />

write it myself.<br />

So I did. In 1995 Autonomedia published it.40<br />

40. In the end I despaired ofa complete treatment ofthe subject and<br />

decided to concentrate on one example-the Bou Regreg<br />

Republic-simply because no historian had ever thought of it as a<br />

205

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