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Seeing the Forest Through the Wheeze: Laryngeal Involvement in ...

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• Causal factors<br />

IVFC<br />

– Functional or psychogenic issue?<br />

– <strong>Laryngeal</strong> hypersensitivity/hyper-reactivity?<br />

– Laryngospasm?<br />

– Adductor laryngeal breath<strong>in</strong>g dystonia (Blitzer and<br />

Br<strong>in</strong>, 1991; Grillone, et.al., 1994)<br />

• Rare disorder whose symptoms are similar to IVFC<br />

• Neurological issue<br />

• Behavioral <strong>in</strong>tervention not efficacious <strong>in</strong> management

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