Providencia heimbachae, a New Species of Enterobacteriaceae ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

VOL. 36, 1986 PROVZDENCZA HEIMBACHAE SP. NOV. 255 Test Indoleb Citrate (Simmons) Urea Motility (36°C) Growth in the presence of KCN Gas from D-glucose Acid from: Adonitol D-Arabitol D-Galactose i-Inositol D-Mannitol L-Rhamnose Trehalose TABLE 5. Tests useful for differentiating Providencia heimbachae from other Providencia suecies" Pro viden cia heimbachae Pro viden c ia Pro videncia Providencia Pro vide n cia rus tigia n ii rettgeri alcalifaciens stuartii V (36) All data except the data for Providencia heimbachae were obtained from reference 6. See text. ' +, 90% or more of the strains positive; V, 11 to 89% of the strains positive; -, 10% or less numbers in parentheses are percentages of strains that were positive after 2 days. Minimal gas production. ries of susceptibility as determined by the disk diffusion method. The discrepancies that occurred between zone size and MIC were designated very major, major, or minor errors (very major, susceptible by zone size but resistant by MIC; major, resistant by zone size but susceptible by MIC; minor, intermediate or moderate susceptibility as determined by one method). Very major errors occurred for one isolate with cefazolin; major or minor errors occurred with ampicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, and chloramphenicol. Tetracycline, cephalothin, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, and chloramphenicol were the least active drugs, but the remaining drugs tested had good activities. All of the strains were resistant to tetracycline, and 10 of the 13 strains were resistant to cephalothin. Single strains were resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, and cefoxitin (Table 4). Description of Providencia heimbachae sp. nov. For the new species described here we propose the name Providencia heimbachae (heim. bach'ae. M. L. gen. fem. n. heimbachae of Heimbach, to honor Friederike Heimbach, who isolated 12 of the strains). Strains of Providencia heimbachae are gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, D-glucose-fermenting, nitrate-reducing, straight rod-shaped organisms that con- form to the definitions of the family Enterobacteriaceae (1) and the genus Providencia (16). They grow on Endo agar, MacConkey agar, and other similar selective media. Like members of other species of Providencia, strains of Providencia heimbachae (particularly fresh isolates) develop a red to brown pigment on media containing aromatic amino acids, as well as a characteristic almondlike smell on phenylalanine agar (17). Furthermore, they have the other characteristics of this genus (Table 3). They are negative for the following tests: lysine and ornithine decarboxylases, arginine dihydrolase, deoxyribonuclease, lipase (both corn oil and Tween 80), gelatinase, H2S production on Kligler and triple sugar iron agars, malonate, mucate, acetate, tartrate, pectate, o-nitrophenyl-P-D-galactopyranoside, Voges- Proskauer, and acid production from L-arabinose, cellobiose, dulcitol, D-lactose, melibiose, a-methyl- glucoside, raffinose, and D-sorbitol. They are positive for the following tests: acid production from D-mannose, methyl of the strains positive. All tests were performed at 36 * 1°C. The red, phenylalanine deaminase, and tyrosine clearing. Providencia heimbachae can be differentiated from other Providencia species by its negative tests for Simmons citrate, growth in the presence of KCN, acid production from trehalose, urease, and indole production and by positive tests for acid production from adonitol, D-arabitol, D-galactose, and L-rhamnose (Table 5). Motility at 36°C is variable and weak (46% positive after 2 days; 85% positive after 3 to 7 days), and the gas produced in small amounts from D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-mannose by some strains is like that produced by Providencia rustigianii (often a pin- head-sized gas bubble in a Durham tube). Additional characteristics of Providencia heimbachae are given in Tables 3 through 5. Some biochemical tests give different results when medium ingredients or methods are varied. The indole reaction is negative when bacteriological neutralized peptone (Oxoid USA), Polypeptone (BBL), or casein hydrolysate (E. Merck AG, Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany) is used; however, it is weakly positive after 2 to 7 days when tryptone (Oxoid USA) or peptone is used along with 0.1% tryptophan (2). The citrate reaction is negative only under standardized conditions (4). Traces of readily metabolized substances, such as peptone or glucose, may lead to false- positive results. The KCN test is negative under standardized conditions, as described previously (5); however, weak positive results are obtained if the test is performed as described by Cowan (3) or Munson (13). The similar biochemical reactions of Providencia heimbachae and Providencia rustigianii, including weak or delayed motility, weak or no production of gas from sugars, and inability to utilize acetate, citrate, or tartrate, indicate that these two species are phenotypically more similar to each other than to the other three species of Providencia. The similarity between Providencia heimbachae and Providencia rustigianii may in part reflect the the common habitat of the two species (i.e., the intestines of healthy penguins [12] and probably also other animals). Description of the type strain. The type (holotype) strain of Providencia heimbachae is strain MUA 2-110 (= CDC 8025-83 = ATCC 35613). This strain was isolated from the
256 MULLER ET AL. INT. J. SYST. BACTERIOL. feces of a penguin (Aptenodytes patagonica) in a West German zoo by F. Heimbach. Its phenotypic characteristics (Table 3) are essentially those of the species. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. LITERATURE CITED Brenner, D. J. 1984. Family 1. Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1937, Nom. fam. cons. Opin 15, Jud. Comm. 1958, 73; Ewing, Farmer, and Brenner 1980, 674; Judicial Commission 1981, 104, p. 408420. In N. R. Krieg and J. G. Holt (ed.), Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 1. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. Brenner, D. J., J. J. Farmer 111, G. R. Fanning, A. G. Steigerwalt, P. Klykken, H. G. Wathen, F. W. Hickman, and W. H. Ewing. 1978. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness of Proteus and Providencia species. Int. J . Syst. Bacteriol. 28:269-282. Cowan, S. T. 1974. Cowan and Steel’s manual for the identification of medical bacteria, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Edwards, P. R., and W. H. Ewing. 1972. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae, 3rd ed. Burgess Publishing Co., Minneap- olis. Farmer, J. J., 111, M. A. Asbury, F. W. Hickman, D. J. Brenner, and the Enterobacteriaceae Study Group. 1980. Enterobacter sakuzakii: a new species of “Enterobacteriaceae” isolated from clinical specimens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30569-584. Farmer, J. J., 111, B. R. Davis, F. W. Hickman-Brenner, A. McWhorter, G. P. Huntley-Carter, M. A. Asbury, C. F. Riddle, H. G. Wathen-Grady, C. Elias, G. R. Fanning, A. G. Steigerwalt, C. M. O’Hara, G. K. Morris, P. B. Smith, and D. J. Brenner. 1985. Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobactericeae isolated from clinical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 21:46-76. Hickman, F. W., and J. J. Farmer 111. 1978. Salmonella typhi: identification, antibiograms, serology, and bacteriophage typ- ing. Am. J. Med. Technol. 44:1149-1159. 8. Hickman, F. W., J. J. Farmer 111, A. G. Steigerwalt, and D. J. Brenner. 1980. Unusual groups of Morganella (“Proteus”) rnorganii isolated from clinical specimens: lysine-positive and ornithine-negative biogroups. J. Clin. Microbiol. 12:88-94. 9. Hickman-Brenner, F. W., J. J. Farmer 111, A. G. Steigerwalt, and D. J. Brenner. 1983. Providencia rustigianii: a new species in the family Enterobacteriaceae formerly known as Providencia alcalifaciens biogroup 3. J. Clin. Microbiol. 17: 1057-1060. 10. Hickman-Brenner, F. W., G. P. Huntley-Carter, Y. Saitoh, A. G. Steigerwalt, J. J. Farmer 111, and D. J. Brenner. 1984. Moellerella wisconsensis, a new genus and species of Enterobacteriaceae found in human stool specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 19:460463. 11. MacFaddin, J. F. 1980. Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria, 2nd ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. 12. Miiller, H. E. 1983. Providencia friedericiana, a new species isolated from penguins. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33:709-715. 13. Munson, T. E. 1974. Improved KCN medium. Appl. Microbiol. 27:262-263. 14. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1983. Tentative standard M7-T. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova, Pa. 15. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1983. Tentative standard M2-T3. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova, Pa. 16. Penner, J. L. 1984. Genus XII. Providencia Ewing 1962, 96*=, p. 494-496. In N. R. Krieg and J. G. Holt (ed.), Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 1. The Williams & Wilkins Co. , Baltimore. 17. Polster, M., and M. Svoboda. 1964. Production of reddish-brown pigment from dl-tryptophan by Enterobacteriaceae of the Proteus-Providencia group. Experientia 20:637-638.
Page 1 and 2: Apr. 1986, p. 252-256 0020-7713/86/
Page 3: 254 MULLER ET AL. INT. J. SYST. BAC

Providencia heimbachae, a New Species of Enterobacteriaceae ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?