Constanta Maritime University's Annals Year XIII, Vol.17 291 ...

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Constanta Maritime University’s Annals Year XIII, Vol.17 demand indirectly by shaping the standards and regulations. A crucial role of the government market is the fact that is a major buyer of goods and technologies such as telecommunications equipment, weaponry, computers, vehicles etc.. III. Mondo-economic factors are constituted of three main elements: • Deregulation of the U.S. had four important consequences: • eradication of strong inflation (inflation down below 4%); • loss of state control over interest rates and exchange rate term by strengthening financial markets; • directing the market economy at the expense of government; • Consolidation involves globalization economies to cope with increased competition. • Collapse of communist systems of economic management - a phenomenon with many economic and political implications. -Internet explosion - as soon the whole world will be "a global network" and everyone can receive and deliver messages for any purpose including buying or selling. Globalization of markets has led globalization marketing. Global marketing refers to encouraging research initiatives to find new market segments or niches around the globe, harnessing the opportunity of buying and selling products and services internationally. Globalization of markets has triggered a phenomenon that at first sight seems paradoxical to say individualization consumer needs. Gradually the company's trade policy is going from national markets to absorption of the transnational consumer segmentation with identical behaviour in several countries. Productmarket couple move from a national even international European dimension. The production is not standardized, but flexible and the company is no longer considered an isolated entity, it maintains itself with suppliers, distributors a set of relationships which give a high degree of flexibility in operation. IV. Other factors affecting competitiveness are: • Structure favouring foreign investment and domestic demand helps to modernize the economy. The most widespread foreign investment may have adverse effects located mainly in the industrial specialization (in many areas indigenous firms are unable to defend their market positions in the foreign companies). • Demands ever higher that environmental protection requires. • Evolution phenomena and processes in the global economy. According to Michael Porter, the main factor of profitability of firms is given by the industrial sector for economic attractiveness. In any industry, there are five forces that determine the profitability and structure: the entry of new competitors, the existence of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of producers and economic rivalry. The importance of the five forces varies from one industry to another 292 depending on economic and technical characteristics change over time (M. Porter, 1980). Michael Porter distinguishes three types of strategies that can be applied by companies to create competitive advantage: cost leadership through differentiation and focus. Appropriate strategy allows the company to capitalize on strengths and to protect the adverse effects of the five forces. Each of the three strategies involves choosing different ways to ensure competitive advantage. Porter defines four stages of competitive development at national level: • The development stage due to factors of production; • Develop specific investment stage; • The development stage due to innovation; • Stage of development determined by wealth. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The transition from one stage to another involves a metamorphosis in the industrial infrastructure, financial system, technological standards and attitudes. A great importance id also constituted by cultural values behind the forces creating and distributing wealth. To explain the success of similar systems adopted by different countries is necessary deep understanding of cultural ethics and social values of these nations. The first three stages of economic development, national competitiveness is increasing, and in the fourth economy may decline. Following the four stages of developing the competitiveness of a nation defined by Porter, Romania could be between the first and second stage, and between that determined by factors that determine production and investment. The competitiveness notion has various uses in multiple ways. The term is used in national competitiveness, but sequentially, for narrow areas such as international trade, commodity market and others. 4. CONCLUSIONS To obtain an advantageous position on the reference market, the companies are determined to discover the factors of competitiveness that will put in such a position and will enable competitive advantage. Moreover, a trader with a marketing vision focuses its strategy towards the market in order to create a product or a service more competitive, that the consumer needs and is adapted to the exigencies. The most important factors that may contribute decisively to the competitiveness of an organization, are considered next: - price of the product / service. If a product or service satisfies a consumer need, be it especially if price is lower than that of competitors. As a result, price competition becomes a factor eliminator. - quality product / service. If the product or service to consumers the same price is better quality than the competitors, then be preferred by consumers, quality becomes a factor eliminator. - value for money. This factor captures the best way to purchase a product or service to most consumers, while highlighting the competitiveness of enterprises. If at a
Constanta Maritime University’s Annals Year XIII, Vol.17 certain quality of a product or service required a higher price than the prevailing market respect, the value for money becomes a factor eliminator for the entity in question, because it fails to obtain profit than by increasing the price of a product (service) the same quality to that provided by its direct competitors. Or the selling price is the same with that of competitors, but quality product (service) is lower. Using these three factors determining competitiveness quantitative always a balancing market as a price reduction or quality improvement of products / services will determine the reaction the other competitors, so that consumers will be permanently put in the position to choose the product or service with the best quality / price ratio. - cost of the product / service. To be efficient and competitive businesses are looking to produce a lower cost as consumer products or services. - profit. The difference between price and cost of production becomes the profit gained through work performed by the entity. Profit, the competitive factor is both a function and objective pursued by it. - the cost / profit. Even if profit maximization is the goal of any trader, this does not allow obtaining competitive if profit is made with high costs. In the long run, the operator be removed from the market by a competitor who registers the same income but with a cost / profit efficiency. There are situations, especially for small businesses, when a company can ACTi a small market and a profit based on production costs very low. in time, the lack of possibility to allocate a portion of profit for development, investment, etc., is precisely its lack of competitiveness will lead to removal from the market. - volume of sales made. This factor determines the size of the economic competitiveness in the market concerned, especially when they can be calculated and a series of indicators of capacity market (market share, relative market share). As the market share held by a company be greater, the more we can say that it occupies much of the market, so it holds a competitive position. - economies of scale. The quality factor contributes significantly to the competitiveness of an economic agent. As it achieve a higher yield lower cost experience curve occur that cause economies of scale. - technology used. May become an important asset of an undertaking which uses modern production capacity, has a high capacity to integrate Cloudy and technological progress in a particular field. - time. As the decisive factor to obtain competitive advantage time is the speed of providing a product / service, but also the reaction speed of competitors in certain situations. To these we can add the speed "with which consumers can choose the product / service, providing a great source of variety information sources. - management. It is a decisive competitive factor especially when used by managers who fail to harmonize their objectives with available resources and market demands. In other words the entire management system should be market oriented, so that now manage to hold a competitive position. But this can not be achieved without applying the next competitive edge: - marketing. Regarded as a function of enterprise marketing is one of the most significant competitive 293 factors existing at present. As consumers are turning to these products / services that best meet their needs, they will choose those who have significant advantages. As stated Philip Kotler. Most prosperous companies are those that manage to offer their customers the expected satisfaction, understanding marketing cape not a separate function but as the learned philosophy of the entire organization. What is needed is to identify marketing compartment categories of consumers and the needs that a company can meet in a profitable way, and the ways in which this can be achieved with high efficiency in comparison with other competitors. The first stages of economic development, national competitiveness is increasing, and in the fourth economy may decline. Following the four stages of developing the competitiveness of a nation defined by Porter, Romania could be between the first and second stage, and between that determined by factors that determine production and investment. The competitiveness notion has various uses in multiple ways. The term is used in national competitiveness, but sequentially, for narrow areas such as international trade, commodity market and others. If we consider equality between prosperity and competitiveness, then rightly marketing vision, so necessary a company acting in a competitive market, requires that it be market oriented, taking into account customers, and competitors. It is possible that in the future to shape a new factor of competitiveness, management, marketing, because it embodies the best all processes, relationships and practical actions necessary to carry out an effective activities designed to ensure a position in a competitive field. Understood and used effectively, marketing management can be turned into an advantage major competitiveness of enterprises (organizations) modern market oriented. The level that is generated is the microeconomic competitiveness. A country becomes competitive when you manage to build that environment that allows each company to become effective added value, to be able to survive or develop in any domestic economic environment, especially internationally. The level that supports and reinforces competitiveness is macroeconomic. Country maintains or improves their profitability internationally when deciding to apply the set of economic policies to stimulate the achieving optimal micro-level required expansion. 5. REFERENCES [1] CIUPEGEA, C. A summary of the concept of competitiveness, the National Institute of Economic Research Annals, Romanian Academy, INCE, CIDE, Bucharest, 2001; [2] IANCU, A., Advantage theories, industrial and development of European integration, Economica, no. 3- 4/2000, SOREC, IRLI, Bucharest, 2000; [3] HORNIANSCHI, N., Selective restructuring of industrial production - macro and micro component of the strategy, PhD Thesis, National Institute of Economic Research, Bucharest, 1998.
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