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Contents<br />

1 Introduction 1<br />

1.1 Demo spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1<br />

2 Philosophy and practice of IRAF 4<br />

2.1 Commands, packages and tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />

2.2 Starting and leaving IRAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />

2.3 Getting help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />

2.4 Remembering, finding and enabling commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />

2.5 Using commands of the operating system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />

2.6 Editing commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />

2.7 Parameters of commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />

2.8 Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />

3 IRAF set-up 9<br />

3.1 Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />

3.2 Image display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />

4 Reading, writing and printing data 13<br />

4.1 Using lists of files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13<br />

4.2 Reading FITS files to IRAF format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />

4.3 Writing IRAF files in FITS format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />

4.4 Changing filenames for a list of files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />

4.5 Deleting files and images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />

4.6 Set bits appropriately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />

4.7 Printing text, graphics or image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />

5 Flat, Bias and Dark frames 17<br />

5.1 Bias subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17<br />

5.2 Dark subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17<br />

5.3 Trim the images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<br />

5.4 Preparing the master flat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />

5.5 Flat field correction of science frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />

5.6 Removing cosmic rays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />

6 Aperture extraction 22<br />

6.1 The apall task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22<br />

7 Wavelength calibration 29<br />

7.1 Finding wavelength solution of the first calibration spectrum . . . . . . . . 29<br />

7.2 Identify other calibration exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />

7.3 Apply wavelength calibration to science data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

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