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Literacy 85). Only when non-Western cultures have phonetic or alphabetic features in<br />

their writing system are they defined as true writing systems for example when Ong<br />

describes the Vai and Egyptian systems of writing which he says are “intermediate<br />

stages” (Orality and Literacy 85). Moreover, systems that are not based on sounds of<br />

speech and are instead based on pictures or ideas are defined as being in a developmental<br />

stage in the writing process, which infers that there is an advanced system of writing that<br />

all other systems are progressing towards.<br />

The result of this hierarchy of writing systems is that many African writing<br />

systems in particular Ghana’s <strong>Adinkra</strong> symbols are rarely discussed or examined as<br />

writing because they are unlike Western writing systems. Upon first glance by the casual<br />

observer, <strong>Adinkra</strong> does not seem to be writing. In fact it is usually carved or stamped<br />

onto a myriad of mediums and is not written (as we think of the action of writing) onto<br />

anything at all. However, <strong>Adinkra</strong> is a writing system, an ideographic script—a script that<br />

has symbols that represent ideas—which is not recognized as such because it does not<br />

contain the attributes of Western writing systems which are depicted as ideal. <strong>Adinkra</strong>’s<br />

inclusion as a writing system, without labeling it as ‘untrue’, would be a step in<br />

eliminating the stigma of Otherness placed on African culture and give greater insight<br />

into a unique and creative writing invention developed in a culture very different from<br />

our own.<br />

What are <strong>Adinkra</strong> <strong>Symbols</strong>?<br />

<strong>Adinkra</strong> symbols are relatively unknown around the world; however, in Ghana<br />

they are everywhere; on chairs, buildings, houses, and clothes. So what are <strong>Adinkra</strong><br />

symbols and in particular how do they look? <strong>Adinkra</strong> are often defined as symbols (and<br />

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