Sulforaphane/Sulforaphane glucosinolate - Thorne Research

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eadily measurable in human breast tissue. Both detoxification enzyme gene transcripts NADH quinone reductase (NQ01) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) were measureable in the excised breast tissue, indicating cancer blocking activity after sulforaphane consumption. These findings provide a strong rationale for evaluating the protective effects of a broccoli sprout preparation in clinical trials of women at risk for breast cancer. Dietary sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprouts reduce colonization and attenuate gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-infected mice and humans. Yanaka A, Fahey JW, Fukumoto A, et al. Cancer Prev Res 2009;2:353-360. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane is powerfully bactericidal against Helicobacter pylori infections, which are strongly associated with the worldwide pandemic of gastric cancer. Forty-eight H. pylori-infected patients were randomly assigned to feeding of broccoli sprouts (70 grams daily; containing 420 micromol of sulforaphane precursor) for eight weeks or to consumption of an equal weight of alfalfa sprouts (not containing sulforaphane) as placebo. Intervention with broccoli sprouts, but not with placebo, decreased the levels of breath test urease as well as H. pylori stool antigen and serum pepsinogens I and II (biomarkers of gastric inflammation). Daily intake of sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprouts for two months reduces H. pylori colonization and improves the sequelae of infection in humans. Cruciferae interact with the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism to determine serum bilirubin levels in humans. Peterson S, Bigler J, Horner NK, et al. J Nutr 2005;135:1051-1055. Gilbert’s syndrome is characterized by genetic polymorphisms in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, the primary one being UGT1A1*28, which is involved in bilirubin glucuronidation. UGT polymorphisms can manifest as benign unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia associated with reduced hepatic conjugation, and may increase cancer risk in this population. In an observational study of 191 nonsmoking volunteers (ages 19-40), consuming 0-4 servings of cruciferous vegetables daily, there was a statistically significant inverse association between the UGT1A1 gene/Cruciferae interaction and total, direct, and indirect bilirubin measurements. Sulforaphane from Cruciferae has been shown to induce UGT1A1 activity, resulting in greater bilirubin conjugation and clearance and possibly mitigating the increased cancer risk. Phase 1 study of multiple biomarkers for metabolism and oxidative stress after one-week intake of broccoli sprouts. Murashima M, Watanabe S, Zhuo XG, et al. Biofactors 2004;22:271-275. In a Phase I study of 12 healthy subjects (6 males and 6 females) consuming fresh broccoli sprouts (100 grams daily) for one week, researchers investigated the effect of broccoli sprouts on the induction of various biochemical oxidative stress markers. Pre- and post-treatment lipid panels, natural killer cell activity, plasma amino acids, serum coenzyme Q(10), plasma PCOOH (phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide), urinary 8-isoprostane, and urinary 8-OHdG (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) were measured. With treatment, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased, and HDL cholesterol increased significantly. Plasma cystine decreased significantly. All subjects showed reduced PCOOH, 8-isoprostane and 8-OHdG, and increased CoQ(10)H(2)/CoQ(10) ratio. Only one week intake of broccoli sprouts improved cholesterol metabolism and decreased oxidative stress markers in humans.
Animal Research: Sulforaphane/Sulforaphane glucosinolate Inhibition of synovial hyperplasia, rheumatoid T cell activation, and experimental arthritis in mice by sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate. Kong JS, Yoo SA, Kim HS, et al. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:159-170. Rheumatoid arthritis involves a tumor-like expansion of the synovium characterized by hyperproliferation of synoviocytes, infiltration of T and B cells and increases in interleukins-6, -8, and - 17. The in vivo effects of sulforaphane on synoviocyte hyperplasia and T cell activation were examined in mice with experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis. Sulforaphane induced synoviocyte apoptosis, inhibited T cell proliferation, and production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Intraperitoneal administration of sulforaphane to mice also suppressed the clinical severity of arthritis. The antiarthritic and immune regulatory effects of sulforaphane suggest it may offer a possible treatment option for RA. Sulforaphane inhibits prostate carcinogenesis and pulmonary metastasis in TRAMP mice in association with increased cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. Singh SV, Warin R, Xiao D, et al. Cancer Res 2009;69:2117-2125. An animal model of prostate cancer shows that oral gavage of sulforaphane thrice per week beginning at six weeks of age, significantly inhibits prostate carcinogenesis and pulmonary metastasis in mice, without causing any side effects. The incidence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and welldifferentiated carcinoma were approximately 23-28-percent lower in the dorsolateral prostate of sulforaphane-treated mice when compared with controls. Strikingly, the sulforaphane-treated mice exhibited approximately 50% and 63% decrease, respectively, in pulmonary metastasis incidence and multiplicity compared with control mice. The dorsolateral prostate from treated mice showed decreased cellular proliferation and increased apoptosis when compared with that from control mice. These results indicate that sulforaphane administration inhibits prostate cancer progression and pulmonary metastasis in mice by reducing cell proliferation and augmenting NK cell lytic activity. Sulforaphane, a dietary component of broccoli/broccoli sprouts, inhibits breast cancer stem cells. Li Y, Zhang T, Korkaya H, et al. Clin Cancer Res 2010;16:2580-2590. A nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient xenograft mouse model was used to determine whether sulforaphane could target breast cancer stem cells in vivo, as assessed by Aldefluor assay, and tumor growth upon cell reimplantation in secondary mice. Sulforaphane (1-5 micromol/L) decreased the aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cell population by 65% to 80% in human breast cancer cells and reduced the size and number of primary mammospheres by 8- to 125-fold and 45% to 75%, respectively. Daily injection with 50 mg/kg sulforaphane for 2 weeks reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cells by >50% in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient xenograft tumors and eliminated breast cancer stem cells in vivo, thereby abrogating tumor growth after the reimplantation of primary tumor cells into the secondary mice. These findings support the use of sulforaphane for the chemoprevention of breast cancer and warrant further clinical evaluation. Sulforaphane induces thioredoxin through the antioxidant-responsive element and attenuates retinal light damage in mice. Tanito M, Masutani H, Kim YC, et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:979-987.
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Sulforaphane/Sulforaphane glucosinolate - Thorne Research

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