Improvements in Enzymes for Cellulosic Ethanol
Improvements in Enzymes for Cellulosic Ethanol
Improvements in Enzymes for Cellulosic Ethanol
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Enzyme Cost <strong>in</strong> Use – A Historical<br />
Perspective from the Starch <strong>Ethanol</strong><br />
Industry<br />
Outset - 1985 Maturity - 2009<br />
Plant scale (MGPY) 10-20 60-110<br />
Solids 25-28% 32-35%<br />
<strong>Enzymes</strong><br />
- Liquefaction wild type B.<br />
licheni<strong>for</strong>mis<br />
eng<strong>in</strong>eered prote<strong>in</strong>s /<br />
advanced hosts<br />
- Saccharification wild type A. niger eng<strong>in</strong>eered prote<strong>in</strong>s /<br />
advanced hosts<br />
Enzyme cost <strong>in</strong> use $0.08 to $0.12 per gallon<br />
of ethanol<br />
- Liquefaction Rel Cost 100 65<br />
- Saccharification Rel Cost 100 25<br />
$0.025 to $0.040 per<br />
gallon of ethanol<br />
Yeast Modest ethanol tolerance tolerant up to 18% v/v<br />
Purification Azeotropic distillation molecular sieves<br />
Heat and Water Highly <strong>in</strong>tegrated
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