Tracing the Development of Extended Vocal Techniques in ...

TABLE OF CONTENTS
v
Page
LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................1
Statement of Problem...............................................................................2
Objectives and Hypothesis .......................................................................4
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ..........................................................................5
III. HISTORY OF EXTENDED VOCAL TECHNIQUES................................... 10
The Beginnings of EVTs........................................................................ 13
The United States ................................................................................... 15
A Global Perspective.............................................................................. 17
The American Voice at the Turn of the Century ..................................... 19
Avant-garde................................................................................ 20
Charles Ives (1874-1954)............................................................ 21
The Undoing of Nature........................................................................... 24
Cubism ....................................................................................... 25
Futurism ..................................................................................... 27
Dadaism and Surrealism ............................................................. 31
Beyond World War II: The Post-War Years ........................................... 36
John Cage (1912-1992)............................................................... 37
Luciano Berio (1925-2003)......................................................... 39
Electronic Music and EVTs.................................................................... 41
Vocal Implication ....................................................................... 42
Minimalism and EVTs ........................................................................... 44
Higher Education and EVTs: Extended Vocal Techniques Ensemble ..... 44
Conclusion ............................................................................................. 47
IV. NOTATION AND PERFORMERS............................................................... 49
Notation and EVTs................................................................................. 49
Performers of EVTs: Past and Present .................................................... 63
Cathy Berberian (1925-1983)...................................................... 64
Jan DeGaetani (1933-1989) ........................................................ 65
Joan La Barbara (b. 1947)........................................................... 66