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First GWs from ∼ 3 10 6 M⊙ BH formation ?<br />
26<br />
Figure 8 Upper limits to GW signals (M. Kramer 2011). First mergers of super-massive black holes could<br />
start near 10−3.5 Hz, and the first stellar black holes near 10 +2.5 Hz at high redshift; their lower frequency side<br />
spectrum would be a steep power-law, but their amplitude is uncertain. Any signal would be superposition. A<br />
signal from redshift < ∼ 80 would be invisible until PTAs get much more sensitive − > confirmation?