ORAL COMMUNICATIONS 9
Session 1 – Evolution and Natural Variation KEYNOTE LECTURE S1.1- What Can Model Species Offer Cereal Breeders Jerome Salse Laboratory ‘Plant Paleogenomics for Traits Improvement’, UMR INRA-UBP 1095, Domaine de Crouelle, 234, Avenue du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE jsalse@clermont.inra.fr Abstract During the last decade, technological improvements led to the development of large sets of plant genomic resources including the Brachypodium genome release in 2010, permitting the emergence of high-resolution comparative genomic studies and translational genomics approaches to non-sequence cereal genomes. In an attempt to unravel the structure and evolution of the plant ancestor genome we have re-assed the synteny and duplications of Angiosperm genomes to identify and characterize shared duplications. We combined the data on the intra-genomic duplications with those on the colinear blocks and found duplicated segments that have been conserved at orthologous positions since the divergence of plants. By conducting detailed analysis of the length, composition, and divergence time of the conserved duplications, we identified common and lineage-specific patterns of conservation between the different genomes that allowed us to propose a model in which the plant genomes have evolved from a common ancestor with a basic number of five/seven chromosomes (90 MYA) through whole genome duplications (i.e. paleopolyploidization) and translocations followed by lineage specific segmental duplications, chromosome fusions and translocations (Abrouk et al. 2010; Murat et al. 2010; Salse et al. 2011). Based on these data an ‘inner circle’ comprising 5/7 ancestral chromosomes with 10000 protogenes was defined providing a new reference for the plant chromosomes and new insights into their ancestral relationships that have led to arrange their chromosomes into concentric ‘crop circles’ of synteny blocks (Abrouk et al. 2010). The established plant ancestor genome structure, in term of chromosome structure and gene content, offer the opportunity to perform high resolution translational genomics in cereals, from model (i.e. sequenced) species to complex ones, through (i) marker development for physical/genetic mapping, (ii) gene or sequence annotation, (iii) trait dissection, that will be discussed in details in the current presentation (Quraishi et al 2011ab). References Abrouk M, Murat F, Pont C, et al. (2010) Paleogenomics of Plants: Modern Species Synteny-Based Modelling of Extinct Ancestors. Trends in Plant Science. 15(9):479-87. Murat F, Xu JH, Tannier E, et al. (2010) Ancestral Grass Karyotype Reconstrcution Unravels New Mechanisms of Genome Shuffling as a Source of Plant Evolution. Genome research. 20(11):1545-1557 Quraishi UM, Murat F, Abrouk M, et al. (2011a) Meta-Genomics Analysis of the Grain Dietary Fiber Content in Bread Wheat. Functional & Integrative Genomics. 11(1):71-83. Quraishi UM, Abrouk M, Murat F, et al. (2011b) Cross-Genome Map Based Dissection of a Nitrogen Use Efficiency Ortho-metaQTL in Bread Wheat Unravels Concerted Cereal Genome Evolution. Plant Journal. 65(5):745-56. Salse J, Feuillet C (2011) Palaeogenomics in cereals: modeling of ancestors for modern species improvement. C R Biol. 334(3):205-11. 10
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S: Speakers’ abstracts P: Posters
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BOUCHABKE-COUSSA Oumaya INRA IJPB I
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GIRALDO Patricia E.T.S.I. Agronomos
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MARION-POLL Annie INRA IJPB Institu
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RENAULT Hugues CNRS - IBMP Institut
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WARD Eric Two Blades Foundation, P.