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PHINEHAS PHCENICIA
The importance of Phinehas in P lies in the fact that he is in (I) is an image of the son of Eli is denied however by
the direct line from Aaron, and hence (as the father of Ahishua)
enters into the genealogy of the high- riests (I Ch. 6 4 [5 301 50
We. (ProI.('j 142), but thme are at all events certain
[6 351 Ezra 7 5= I Esd. 8 2 2 Ksd. 126 Phrnees). The Chronicler considerations which point to a connection between the
moreover, speaks of him as the ruler over the porters 'in tim; two. The names Eli, Hophni, and Phinehas are of
past' (I Ch. 9 20). In the days of the 'return ' the h'ne Phinehas the same un-Hebraic cast as Moses and Gershom, and
form one of the priestly classes (Ezra 8 z= I Esd. 5 5 8 29, +pas
[B;, PHIHRES), at the head of whom stands Gershom (see (unless we have recourse to emendation) find their only
GERSHOM, GERSHON).
explanation from Egyptian, or from S. Palestinian
Like his father Eleazar, Phinehas rarely appears dialects (Sabrean, Sinaitic, etc.) ; the tradition in I S. 2 27
previous to P. In Judg.2028 the statement that he (although due to RD ; see We., I.c. ) seems, moreover, to
stood before Yahwb in the days of the Judges is no connect the house of Eli with Moses (cp also Jochebed
doubt a gloss (cp SHILOH) ; the whole chapter in its and Phinehas' son ICHABOD [q.~.]).' The relation of
present form is post-exilic. (Cp Moore, Judges, 434, Phinehas b. Eli to Phinehas the grandson of Aarnn
and see JUDGES, 5 13.) Ancient, on the other hand, finds an analogy in the cases of Eliezer and tiershoni
is the announcement affixed to Jos. 24 (G) of the death b'ne Moses compared with Eleazar and Gershon bne
of Eleazar and his burial in the GIBEAH OF PHINEHAS Aaron.2 The conjecture is perhaps a plausible one that
[q.n.] which wa given to Phinehas in the hill-country the ' stone of help' (Eben-ezer) in I S. 4 has some connecof
Ephriain (n. 33). @BAL adds also that Phinehas tion with the grave of Eleazar (Josh. 24 32). also the burialhimself
was afterwards buried in the same ' Gibeah ' place of the Aaronite Phinehas; note the explanation
(PY yaaaap [-a0 [A], y~ paap, L] TG [yi Bab] law& of the name in I S. 712.
[baud A]) : Dt. 106 (Eleazar succeeds Aaron at 3. Eleazar b. Phinehas, a priest temp. Ezra (Ezra 8 33= I Esd.
863, PHINEER).
Moserah) is probably also E.
T.K.C.,$I; W.M.M.,$2; S.A.C..§3.
2. Phinehas b. Eli2 and his brother HOPHNI [p.~.]
were 'sons of Belial ' who, for their wickedness and PHINOE (+!NO€), I Esd. 531 RV, AV PHIXEES;
wantonness towards the off'erers of sacrifices. incurred See PASEAH, 2.
the wrath of Yahwk and perished together at Eben-ezer
when the ark was taken by the Philistines (I S. 1-4).
PHISON (+[E]ICWN
PISHON. See PISON.
[BKA]), Ecclus. 2425 AV, RV
Thz son of Phinehas born upon that fateful day receives
the name ICHABOD [g.u.] .
According to Budde's analysis (SSOT), the old narrative in
I S. 4 related the loss of the ark without further comment ;
it, is a later writer (E?) who in 2J ascribes the disa-ter to the
wickedness of Eli's sons and to their father's laxity (esp. 3 146),
and finally it is a Dt. writer who lays even greater stress
upon their iniquity and actually foreshadows their fate. There
is much to be said, however, in favour of H. P. Smith's
view that I S. 212.17 22-25 rz7-36 ?I, 416-71 is a fragment
of an independent history of the Elida This torso (which
is already composite) contains two peculiarities : (a) the
association of the family with Moses, and (6) the prominence of
Shiloh. It may, therefore, be conjectured that this narrative
formerly stood in the closest connection with another in Judg.
1Sl: where, too, a descendant of Moses and the foundation of a
shrine (perhap5 in the original story that not of Dan but of
Shiloh) play an important part.3 The Mosaic associations and
the unique description of the power of the ark (I S. 458) may
further suggest that the narrative is a fragment of that account
of the Exodus a trace of which survives in Nu. 10 29-36 (itself
also coiuposite); cp EXODUS i., $ 5 8 , KADESH, $ 3.
Another son, Ahitub, was the father of Ahiah
(=Ahin~elech),~ who appears as a priest in the time of
Saul (I S.143).5 It is a remarkable fact that the
PHLEaON (@AErWN) is saluted in Rom.1614.
Cp ROMANS (EPISTLE). His name occurs in the
apocryphal lists of the 'seventy' given by Pseudo-
Dorotheus and Pseudo- Hippolytus. Tradition made
him bishop of Marathon, and the Greek church commemorates
his martyrdom on April 8th.
PHGBE (+oIBH), the 'sister,' 'deaconess' (RVmg. :
AIAKONOC) of the church at Cenchreae, who, according
to Rom. ISxJ, had been a 'helper [or 'patroness'] of
many,' includiug the writer. See further, ROMANS and
(for the nature of her diaconate) DEACON.
PHENICIA.
CONTENTS.
Names ($ I).
Trade, art, navigation ($8 7-9).
Origin and nationality (5 2). Religion (gp TO-15).
Beginning of history ($ 3). Constitution ($ 16).
List of towns (g 4). Sources ($5 17).
Egyptian dominion ($ 5). History (Bli 18-22).
Phcenician colonies (5 6). Bibliography ($ 23).
famoiis line of priests from Eli to Abiathar is ignored in By the Phenicians are meant the inhabitants of the
the later genealogies, with the curious exception of
2 Esd. 1 I, where Phinehas b. Heli ( =Eli) and Phinehas
commercial coast towns of Canaan. The name is of
1. Names. Greek origin. For a long time its protob.
Eleazar occur in the ancestry of Ezra (see GENEA-
type was thought to have been found in the
LOGIES i., § 7 [4]).
Egyptian Fen&-u ( vocalisation unknown), hut it has
An interesting question arises as to the precise since been shown (notably by W. M. Muller, Ar. u.
relation between Phinehas (I) and (2). The latter, EUY. 208J) that this Egyptian word is not the name
according to MT an Ephraimite, seems to disappear of a nation but a poetical designation of the (Asiatic)
from history only to be represented in a later age by the barbarians-possibly indeed only a traditional scribal
former, a shadowy and unreal character whom also error for Fehu. The name Qoivr$ is rather a Gk.
tradition connects with Ephraim. At all events the derivative from @OLY~S, ' blood-red,' with the common
iniquity of the Ephraimite son of Eli (cp esp. I S.
2 226) is amply atoned for in later tradition by the zeal
(cp esp. Nu.256fl) of the younger namesake. That
1 Prof. Cheyne, however, proposes to read 'Gibeah of
Jerahmeel,' regarding both ' Phinehas' and 'Eleazar' as corru
tions of clan-names (see $ I).
1: Eli's origin is not given, no doubt because he was previously
mentioned in the longer narrative of which I S. 18 in its
present form is an excerpt. Marq. (Fund. I Z ~ recognises ) the
traces of a double tradition in the very full notices given in v. T
(see ELKANAH i., JEROHAM i. SAMUEL). Is ZI. I a confused
combination of marginal notes kiving the parentage and origin
of both Elkanah (a. I) and Eli (u. 3) ? [Note, however, the view
respecting the name Eli in B I and compare SHII.OH.]
3 For a parallel but somiwhat different theory depending
old suffix, -LK.
The name Phcenix is by no means rare in the ancient Grecian
world as a place-name indicating the presence of a reddish
colour. Thus there was a brook Phcenix near Thermopyk, a
mount Phcenix in Baeotia and in Caria, a town Phcenikk in
Epirus, and so on (cp Meyer GA 2, $i gzjwhere it is out of the
question to suppose that ' Ptkenician ' settlements are meant.
'This name was given by the Greeks to the Canaanite
seafaring men, as well as to the most highly-prized of
all their imports, purple, and to the palm, which was
likewise introduced by them (first at Delos, Od. 6103).
Probably @obt[ denoted first the purple, then the
' purple-men,' and finally the tree they imported.
1 The identification of these names has been also made by
Wellh. CHPl 371 (1899). See also ICHABOD, JOCHEBED.
on emended texts see MICAH SHILOH ' cp also MOSES.
4 Prof. Cheyne'has suggedd that bdth Ahiah and Ahimelech
may be popular corruptions of Jerahmeel.
5 The statement, perha s, does not helong to the original
document (J). It has notling to do with the chapter, and is
more probably a gloss introduced on account of the ' priest' in
zm. 19 366.
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2 If Eli's genealogy has indeed found its way into I S. 1 I (see
5 2, n. I, above), we might venture to find a trace of it in
mi* 11, which name is no other than Jerahmeel. Eli may have
been a Jerahmeelite ; the relation between the Kenites, Jerah-
meelites, and &her clans of the south appears to have heen a
Close One (See JEKAHLIEEL, 5 3).
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