ON RHODESIA This news sur-nary will be pr.intcd regularly ... - KORA

LWS S U ~ -~ RON Y RHODESIA -
This news sur-nary will be pr.intcd regularly as a service mE information
on the Rhodesian situatj.or,, Nol'laa3.ly it will cane out
every day, The first issues, hawever, will carry a summary sf
events fror~ the Unilateral Declaration of Independence, Nov, 3.1,
(National Student Christi~n Federation C~mr~ittee on Southern
Africa, Novenber 23, 1965)
--.---- NCIVEI4BER 11:
Eh4desia declared independence from Great Pritian, '
Prine Minister Ian Snith teoli this actisn folluwing unsuccessful
negotiations with Britian. kt issue was .the rale ef the countryis
4 nilliean Africains in a state presently controll.ed by 228,000 whites.
Bsitian refused ,9krodesisn indepeildence without guarantees which
would,yradually include the African gopulatisn in the government.
At pxesent they are only able to vote f0r 18 eut of 65 members sf
parliament, Inability te reach an agreement with Britian resullzed
in the uni.iatera!, t3eclaxastion of independence by Rhodesia,
Rhodesia maintained alLcgianee to the Queen,
Censarship went into effect innediately.so that Rhodesians have,not
heard or.read the intexnational reaction, except frm radio.broadczsta
into Rhodesia fron out side tbe country,
,'The Britisl~ Governnent dec3-ared Rhodesia s. action to be rebe8lian
and:treason. The British Governsr of Rhodesia, Sir Hlmnphrgy Gibbs,
aus~ended Tan Smith and his cabinet from office, .Rhodesia was
exseXle3 f ron the steriing area. IIer Cor~~ont-re3lth preferential
tari£f tEcatment.v?as suspended, The puachaue sf tebacca, and sugar
were . banned in Br it ian .
Tlie United Nations General Asser.ibly adopted a resolution appealing
.to .Gxeat Bxitien t9 take the steps essential for endXng.the white
rnin~rity govexnnent in Rhodesia, Only Seuth Africa 2nd Portugal
voted against the res@lution, France abstained anthe gxeunds
that the issue w2s conp1etel.y between Britian and her colony,
The United States denaunced Rhsdesia8s actisn, The Consul General
in Rhedesis, Rosewell D, ~c~1qlland, was xecalled and the United
States Inf srnatien' Service will be closed,.
NOVEMBETI.. 12 :
The U,N, ~ecurity .Council cond~r~~ned fbe~unilatarwl.
declaratian of independence by Rhodesia, and called an all-.member
nations to refuse to recognize or assist in'any way the Rhodesian
government, Michael Stewart, B~itieh Foreign-+Secretaxytl* sub- .
mitted a resoluthn to the Security C~uncil~c~l~ing for universal
support for economic penalties iraposed by Britian. The British
position rejects the use of armed force against Rhodesia;
Aythux'J, G~ldherg, United-States delegatcite the UbN. announced
a complete U,S6 embarge on shipment of military.equipment te
Iiho?es&a, The embarge is aa csmpxchcnsive as thqt the u.5:, haar,
against Sauth Africa, . including such things 8s .trucks. which aeq3.d
bekr;lseQ f.er military purpeser. The U,S, will. also cttzapexxril'.a~ti@n
on all applications for loans and credit guarantees, U.S, investots
.will be:;warned about invelvement in Rhodesia, The. U,S, will net renew
i.ts. sugar qugta for Rhdesia in 1966.
. .
In Britian, Prime, Minister Wilsen asked par.liament for. increased
power ta deal with Rhodesia, The lcgislatiw requested would enable
Wilson to legislate for Rhodesia by decree, to anend'the
Co~stituS;ion an* to declare null and void.any actien,by the re-:
bellisus Smith gevernment, Action under khig 1egislatiom'~rnus~ be
approved by the British perlianent within 28 days,
In RheYesia, 1rxir.1.e IjZinistcr Ian Smjth. divested*:thq Governor @f
Rhodesia, Sir HwpBrey.Gibhq mf- a11 executive power,

Rhodesian News
In Bulawayo Africans demonstrated for the5 second night, stening
cars which belenged ts wh'ites. They alse stoned-the houses of
Africans who had gone to work for white erilployers.
Rumors began to spread that the country's judges woul9 not work
under the new Constitutien,
NOVEMBER 13: -
The U,N, Security Council was presented a resolution
by the Ivory Coast on behalf of the 36 independent African states
in the U.N, It called for "comp3ete interruption sf economic relations"
with Rhodesia, including an oil embargo. It called for
disruptjon ef' comnunications through mass media and through diplomatic
relations, Further, if economic and diplonatic pressures
are not able to destroy the Srnith regime, Articles 42 and 43 of
the U,N, Charter should be folleweii, all~wing for air, sea, and
land force action against Rhadesia, Britian, in its resolution,
had refused to consider the use of force an& hoped to avoid referal
to Articles 42 and 43,
In Salisbury, Sir Humpqhrey Gibbs refused to abide by 1an Smith's
srder which wauld have removed a11 of his pewcr as British
Governor of Rhodesia. He is refusing to move out of Goverment
Eouse. Sir Hugh Beadle, Rhodesi.aas Chief Justice, who made a last
minute attempt to avoid U.D.1, is living at Government gouse with
Gilabe,: Beadle went to London to negotiate with Wilson, against
Smith's wishes.
In Bar Es Salaam and LeopolJville, students demonstrated against
Britian and Rhodesia, The protested Britian's failuxe to prevent
U,D.I. and called for the destruction of Smith's sovernment,
At a meeting in Mauritania, Senegal, i"Jlali, Guinea, and blauritania
called for African natians to set up a liberztisn comaittee for
RhsdesPa and contribute troeps to a military force,
- NCVEMRER 14:
Sir Humphrey Gibbs issued r atatcment expressing his
refusal ts abide by Smith's orders. The British Governrr~ent backed
him comgletely by warning that any actian against Gibbs would be
considered treasonous,
In Salisbury, senior Anglican Bishop, the Right Rev, Dr. Cecil
Aldersen, stated csndemnation of the Smith Government in his sermen
and said that Christians had a right to disobey its laws,
U,S, Consul General Raswell McClelland and his family left
Rhedesia fsllowing U.S. refusal ta3 recognize the Smith regime.
NOVEMBER 15:
.. Prine Minister Ian Srr,ith warned the police, the armed
-
services, and civil servants to be on guard against British
attern pls ta undermine their layalty te Rhadesia, Doubts were
egcpressed among some army camps as to where 3oyalty lay, especially
if Britian and

NOV, 15 cont.:
. r i U
Portugal were asked te participate because their cooperation is
greatly ne4ded for effective ,ecsnemic. sanctlms, Sqth Africa
holds to the position that the Rhodesian question is a British
d6merstj.c csncern aver which ,the U.N.. has ne..autherity ts act.
Portugal declared the invitattsn centrary to the Csuncil's rules
of pro~edure. Numerous African delegates charged Seuth Africa,
Pelctugal, and Rhadesia of' being bound In's~cret agreements which
were'.fkmed ta maintain white central ef Southern Africa,
- NOVFSJJBER 16: -
The British Parliament approved the 1egislation'Wilson
had asked fsr NOv,~12, enabling him te nullify acts by Smith's
Government and exercise juris4lictisn over Rhedeoia, The bill
-p##ed &asfly in the lwez hsuse, but there was qpssitien from the
Conservative right wing in the Hause sf Lords,
a.
Irr..Salisbury, 4BQO Mrican pcest'al troqkerm refused to sign pledges
of leyalty to the ldth Gorvernment. They were given two weeks to
sign @r lame their jbloa. Guidance from Bxitian was sought by the
African Pa6tal Wsrkers Unien, even if it had to be broadcast in
syer shbrt-wave radio, .
Economic action was beginning to be felt, The only foreign transiiwtions
that were nermal were tho- with Oeuth Afnicl, Zambia, and
Malawi.
Smith*, in an attempt to made rell his dismisoal of British Governor
~ibbs, beg+ ts take minor actisn. The telephones Into Gibb s
home were cut off. GiZBBs has writ;ten to the c~mnanders of the army
calling on them to rewin loyal to him and nat t0 Smith. British
strategy is to undermine confidence in Smith on the part of
Rhdesians, Gibbs wauld then call for general electisns and- assume
executive reslysnrikdlitiee until the election was held; Fsrtunately
Gibbs has a lsng histery in Rhodesir,.coming'there 38 years ago.
The question i8 whether +r net British action can in fact un4ermiam
Smith sufficiently td enabie Gibba t6 act.
8% :a"
3u.Xiu~ K, Nyerere, President rif Tanzania, raid that plans had
been Jiscuroseil.with ICenya,.Bganda, bnd Bambia in Nairobi about
taking the Rhedesian crisis eruC sf British :hands if her action
prover to be ineffective,
>
IOVEMIBEIP 17 t .* - ,
Britian reperteQ 't~. 'the E+aaxl"t=y Carnil that she was
willing to extend her ;conomic sanctions and would consider the
imposttien ef an Qil em bar,^. .She crlle4 fer urgenk but ca~sful
atudy of the .mbrrqql, including the efficti it weuld have on
~hodesia's neighbors,
In Salisbury, Clifford W, Dupont was appointed to carry out the
functim of GQVernsr, since Smith ham divested Sir Humphrey Gibbs
,.& )mer. GiIPbs hrrsreveri; haw refuaed te rcknowledgt Smitha# .action.
Smith rmeved the crcenmiirX gtmrd, the 4 pelicmen, the house-
~W~~.s@rvants,. and the rtven sZficisr1 calt.5 whi'ch had been at the
.rervfsle ef Gibbs. @ibbla.*ab aid88 Ba-Camp ywe ordertd; to withdraw.
One of them, Capt. Christopher Bwens cf the Rhodesian
A5&a$~,-Riflcr(, refqaed :te leave,
..:"In W&, an ak2;unpted mteh by239 African schcaolboys was stopped.
The participants received 4 to 6 strokes sf the cane which weze
administered by prison guarde outside the juvenile court building.
An attmpted march by 3080 Afrfcans in~Bulaiwayowrs lareken up by
ths pdice, lTcn ~etaricr w&xc .farced +a, clew aft4r Punch when
workad mildl .t6, raturn * werk.
(
, . . .,
Zambia'a president, Renncth munda harm aalced Britlan .far troops to
help protect the Kariba dm. He warned that if Britian refused he

Rhodesian News
would feel free to seek help from other powers. The dam is bcated
between Zambia and Rhodesia and jeintly owned, The power station
however, $+ on the Rhodesian side,
Wilson spoke to Rhedesian Civil Servants over the radio, telling
them that any oath which s~ught to replace the oat11 of allegiance
.Go the sovereign which all civil servants take, would be completely
illegal. He assured them that the British Goverrment would protect
their pension and emplsyment rights if they ~esisted Smith's
government.
NOVEMBER 18:
The Smith Government began to act to counter the effects
of sanctions, Sir CornePius Greenfield was maae chairrilan of the
committee of industrial, business, agricultural, and mining leaders
to work out the econemic problems of the nation,
A week after U.D,I.,protBst incidents continued but Smith's power
seemed secure, 350 Afxicans in bulawayo lost their jobs in a
textile factory because of participation in a pretest strike. Also
in Bulawayo, 2000 railway workers staged a walk out forcing the
closing of general railway departments, They face the lose of jobs.
In respQnse ta a statement by Smith expzessing his desire to have
discussions with Chiefs and the African political opposition, the
United People's Party leaders stated a policy of boycott of any
such discussions. Jasiah Gondo said that the party, which has 18
members in the 65 seat parliament, wsuld in no way work with Smith
to further independence.
Discussion of an sil embargo continued in the U,N. Rhodesia's
crude oil comes from Iran and goes by sea to Beira where it is sent
by pipeline to Umtali. A British Cmpany, Lanrho Ltd, owns the
pipeline. The oil is refined in Rhedesia by a company awned by a
group of international companies including: The Royal Dutch Shell
grwp and the Bxitish Petroleum Co., which each hold 20 3/4 % stake;
U.S. companies: Socony Mobile Oil Co,, 17 3/4%, California Texas
Oil Co,, 15 3/4%. There companies would probahly be ordered by
their gwernments t~ cease sperations in the event of an oil embargo.
Coal, not oil, is the chief source of energy in Rhstdesia. She uses
9000 barrels daily for less than 30% of energy requirements.
The U.N. Secilrity Council was unable to agree on the wording of a
.new resolution suppsrting ~ritianb action against Rhodesia,
Gamal Abdel Nasser declared that Egypt was in a "state of war" with
Rhodesia, thus justifying the closing of the Suez Canal to
Rhodesian vessels.
NOVEMBER 3.9:
The U.S. has asked Egypt to clarify its statement
. that a state ,6f war exists. between Saljsbury and Coiro.which allows
Egypt ts close the Suez Canal to Rhodesian vessels, The canal
can only lee legally c-losed under conditions sf war., The U.S, is
concerned abaut the precident being established by Nasser8s action.
The General Agreement of Tariffs- and Trade, GATT, announced in
Geneva that it would boycott Rhodesia. The International Labor
.Qrganization decided against all".offieial and unofficial contacts"
with the Smith -Government,
+ v
At the epening sessi,on sf the Organiziltion for African Unity's
new defense conmittee, action concerning,Rhodesia had top priority.
Tanzania's Minister far Regional Administration, Oscar Kambana,
called for mobilization of all Africa's forces to bring majority
ru%e to Rhode@ia,-

Rhodesia News
n@v. 19, cont,.:
Bolivia 9pEl CcLumbia presented a resolution to the Sccurity.counei.1
which is a ccmpromiee between the Ivery Ceast and the British resolutions,
It calls on Britikn to take immediate steps to allow the
whole.of-Rhodesia's people to determine their awn future, .It also.
cs1.l~ far all s*,aCes ta refrain fram any action which would encourage
or strengthen the illegal Smith regime, Included in this
is an oil and petroletun products embargo, X t is more mcderate than
the Ivcxy Coast's resolution in that it asks for an oil embargo
rather than impsing ene and dees net mention ArticTes 41, 42, and
43 ,of the Charter, It's moderate tone was-highly criticized by
~hana*s.~@reign Minister 3-lex Quaison-Sacksy en behalf of the independent
African states,
. -
--- NOCTDER 20:
,A Units& Natisnls receptioH far ~ritiank Princess
Margar&t
. . . was bey~~ttd by the ~frican members @f the Commonwealth
in:protest against British res)onoibility in Rhsdesiale Declaration.
of ~ndepcndence.
The Security council Appreved by a vote sf 10 ts 9, with France .
abstain,i.ng, the comp%Omise rese~utian urging a11 states to impose
an eil and pstrsleum pro5uct~ embarq~ on ~hodesia.
T+e-.United States annsunced that kn adeli$ion.to not having any
quota far Rhoaesian sugar in 1966, it would bar the impartati'on of
any ahsdssials 1965 sugar crop, 9,508 tons a# sugar, the quotap
fop 1965.,are already on the way to. the U,S, but will be refused,
At a ceremony for the 3ayjng of the. foundation stone for a $1 mi)lion
gambling casino at Victoria Falls, Ian Smith warned nhodet:&.nns of
hax@: tt;bmee ahead.. . He asked the world not. to, prejudge P,!lade?f la,
. . that khe should-be. given a chance to prove there was roam for blacks
and whites in Rhodesia,
In Salisbury, 406 of the 558 fulltime students at the University of
Rhodesia and Nyasaland (the name is being changed to the U, of ~hodesia)
signed a statement of loyqlty earlier this week to Sir Gibbs, A
number of faculty members, generally from the arts faculty, signed
a statement which expressed refusal to recognize the "illegal regime
cf former Prime Minister Ian Smith." The science faculty generally
supports Smith, The homes and offices of those who signed were
searched by police in an effoxt t.o find the document,
The Government issued a statement saying that the 587 chiefs and
headmen of the Matebeleland, Midlands, Victoria, Manicaland and
Mashonaland areao had unanimously appreved the GovernmentJe Decaar-
ation of Independence, In the Government's eyes, these are the
leaders ef 3.5 million Africans living in tribal areas,
The second bomb incident of the week occured in Bulawayo, The first
did great damage to $he City Center but no one was hurt, The
second explosion took place in r clothing gactory and one white worker
was injured.
NOVMER 21:
South Africa is moving to the aid of Rhodesia in its
present economic dilemma, South Africa will probably offer full
econamic support and replace Britian as the main supplier of goods
to Rhodesia,
The police raids on Rhodesian Univerrity have greatly divided the
students and have gtrengthened a group of faculty members who ws-t
to see the university clascd. Same 46 of the 123 members of tht
faculty signed the anit-Smith dacuneqt, Britian ordinarily con-

Rhodesian Mew8
tributes $700,000 a year to the school which will be cut-off as part
of economic sanctjons, Without these funds many members of the
faculty feeL the school could not function and should close, Both
blacks and whites attend the college.
The action of the U.N, Security council appealing for a world wide
oil embargo met no strong rsaction in Salisbury, Faith in the Smith
Gove,rnment seems to be growing,
NOV~MBER t~ t
The most aerious demonstratien against the Smith regime
took in Bulawayo. The police fired into the air and used dogs
to ,disperse the crawc3.s. The Africans set up a trash can barricade
and threw rocks and tin cans at the police, A 24 hour.strike was
called, but is was only 20% effective. No one was seriously injured,
Press censorship has been extende4 to include foreign newsmen, Press
packet8 intended for Lifg? Magazine, Independent Televieion of Londen
and the Rand Gaily Mail ~f Jshannesburg were seized at the airport
in Bulawayo,
Rhodesia,'.~ Minister sf Agriculture, Lord Graham, warned Britian
that refusal to buy Rhodesian tsbacca was lacing Britian in the
hancZs of the U.S. tobacco mon~ply. The statement was seen as an
expression of concern over the tobacco boycott. Tobacco is the
mainstay of tlae Rhodesian. economy, and British traders bought nearly
half 05 it last year. Already entrepreneurs fsom several ceuntries
are at work to.buy the tobacce cheap%y and then make huge profits
by selling Ct in Amsterdarcr and other international markets under a
false label, Britian has iarge stockpiles of Rhodesian tobacco and
will not need U,S, tobacco for at least a year,
Strikes continue throughout the country but have not been crippling,
Rhodesia Railways reported that the Africans are coming Uck to work.
(Source: The New York ~imes)