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Handbook of Drug Interactions

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7. Cardiovascular <strong>Drug</strong>s 289<br />

irbesartan and losartan, in mild-to-moderate hypertension. Am J Hypertens 11:445–453<br />

(1998).<br />

75. Andersson OK and Neldam S. The antihypertensive effect and tolerability <strong>of</strong> candesartan<br />

cilexetil, a new generation angiotensin II antagonist, in comparison with losartan [see<br />

comments]. Blood Press 7:53–59 (1998).<br />

76. Pitt B, Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R, Martinez FA, Dickstein K, Camm AJ, et al. Effect <strong>of</strong><br />

losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure:<br />

randomised trial the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 355:1582–<br />

1587 (2000).<br />

77. Goldberg AI, Dunlay MC, and Sweet CS. Safety and tolerability <strong>of</strong> losartan potassium, an<br />

angiotensin II receptor antagonist, compared with hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, felodipine<br />

ER, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the treatment <strong>of</strong> systemic<br />

hypertension. Am J Cardiol 75:793–795 (1995).<br />

78. Faison EP, Snavely DB, Thiyagarajan B, and Nelson EB. The incidence <strong>of</strong> cough with the<br />

angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan, is significantly less than with angiotensin converting<br />

enzyme inhibitors and is similar to that <strong>of</strong> placebo (abstract). Am J Hypertens 7:<br />

34A (1994).<br />

79. van Rijnsoever EW, Kwee-Zuiderwijk WJ, and Feenstra J. Angioneurotic edema attributed<br />

to the use <strong>of</strong> losartan. Arch Intern Med 158:2063–2065 (1998).<br />

80. Heeringa M and Van Puijenbroek EP. Reversible dysgeusia attributed to losartan (letter).<br />

Ann Intern Med 129:72 (1998).<br />

81. Bakris GL, Siomos M, Richardson D, Janssen I, Bolton WK, Hebert L, et al. ACE inhibition<br />

or angiotensin receptor blockade: impact on potassium in renal failure. Kidney Int<br />

58:2084–2092 (2000).<br />

82. The Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect <strong>of</strong> digoxin on mortality and morbidity in<br />

patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 336(8):525–533 (1997).<br />

83. Lindenbaum J, Maulitz RM, and Butler VP. Inhibition <strong>of</strong> digoxin absorption by neomycin.<br />

Gastroenterology 71:399–404 (1976).<br />

84. Lindenbaum J, Rund DH, Butler VP Jr, Tse-Eng D, and Saha, JR. Inactivation <strong>of</strong> digoxin<br />

by the gut flora: reversal by antibiotic therapy. N Engl J Med 305:789–794 (1981).<br />

85. Nademanee K and Kannan R. Amiodarone-digoxin interaction: clinical significance, time<br />

course <strong>of</strong> development, potential pharmacokinetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.<br />

J Am Coll Cardiol 4:111–116 (1984).<br />

86. Doering W. Quinidine-digoxin interaction. Pharmacokinetics, underlying mechanism, and<br />

clinical implications. N Engl J Med 301:400–404 (1979).<br />

87. Hager WD, Fenster P, Mayersohn M, Perrier D, Graves P, Marcus FI, et al. Digoxinquinidine<br />

interaction. N Engl J Med 300:1238–1241 (1979).<br />

88. Fromm MF, Kim RB, Stein CM, Wilkinson GR, and Roden DM. Inhibition <strong>of</strong> P-glycoprotein-mediated<br />

drug transport. A unifying mechanism to explain the interaction between<br />

digoxin and quinidine. Circulation 99:552–557 (1999).<br />

89. Waldorff S, Hansen PB, Egeblad H, Berning J, Buch J, Kjaergard H, et al. <strong>Interactions</strong><br />

between digoxin and potassium-sparing diuretics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 33:418–423 (1983).<br />

90. Dorian P, Strauss M, Cardella C, David T, East S, and Ogilvie R. Digoxin-cyclosporine<br />

interaction: severe digitalis toxicity after cyclosporine treatment. Clin Invest Med 11:108–<br />

112 (1988).<br />

91. Leibovitz A, Bilchinsky T, Gil I, and Habot B. Elevated serum digoxin level associated<br />

with coadministered fluoxetine. Arch Intern Med 158:1152–1153 (1998).<br />

92. DePace NL, Herling IH, Kotler ML, Hakki AH, Spielman SR, and Segal BL. Intravenous<br />

nitroglycerin for rest angina. Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms <strong>of</strong> action. Arch Intern<br />

Med 142:1806–1809 (1982).

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