Part 5 of Vegetable Garden Presentation - Los Alamos County ...
Part 5 of Vegetable Garden Presentation - Los Alamos County ...
Part 5 of Vegetable Garden Presentation - Los Alamos County ...
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Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)<br />
• Lettuce
Herbaceous annual<br />
Four types:<br />
-Crisp head<br />
-Leaf<br />
-Butterhead<br />
-Romaine (Cos)<br />
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
Lettuce Culture<br />
• Plant in succession for prolonged harvest<br />
• Temperatures above 70°F with long days cause<br />
lettuce to bolt<br />
• High temperatures<br />
and excess maturity<br />
cause bitterness
Lettuce Planting<br />
• Seeds germinate best at 65-70 o F;<br />
>79 o F inhibits<br />
• Seeds need light to germinate<br />
• Fall planting window (varies by type):<br />
Area 1: Aug 1 - 30<br />
Area 2: Jul 15 - Aug 15<br />
Area 3: Apr 1 - Jul 15
Lettuce Cultivars<br />
• Crisphead (var. capitata)<br />
– Tight, heavy heads<br />
– Latest to mature<br />
– ‘Iceberg’<br />
– ‘Great Lakes’<br />
http://pics.davesgarden.com/pics/LTilton_1197561915_810.jpg
Lettuce Cultivars<br />
• Butterhead (Bibb) (var. capitata)<br />
– Small, loosely filled head with creamy<br />
interior<br />
– ‘Bibb’<br />
– ‘Buttercrunch’
Lettuce Cultivars<br />
• Looseleaf (var. crispa)<br />
– Easiest to grow; earliest to mature<br />
– ‘Black Seeded Simpson’<br />
– ‘Salad Bowl’<br />
– ‘Ruby’<br />
– ‘Prizehead’<br />
– ‘Oak Leaf’
Lettuce Cultivars<br />
• Romaine (Cos) (var. longifolia)<br />
– Elongated heads<br />
– Matures later than butterhead and leaf types<br />
– Harvest heads when small<br />
to avoid bitterness<br />
– ‘Rosalita’<br />
– ‘Valmaine Cos’<br />
– ‘Paris Island Cos’
Parsley Family (Umbelliferae)<br />
• Carrots<br />
• Celery<br />
• Parsley
Carrots<br />
Daucus carota var. sativus<br />
• Family Apiaceae<br />
(Umbelliferae)<br />
• Biennial, grown as an<br />
annual<br />
• White, purple, yellow,<br />
orange, and red<br />
varieties
Carrot Culture<br />
• Best growth between 59 to 65 o F<br />
• Temperatures below 50 o F decrease color<br />
development and growth<br />
• Prolonged high<br />
temperatures cause<br />
strong flavor and<br />
coarse roots
Carrot Culture<br />
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/7725149.stm<br />
• Heavy or rocky soil may prevent<br />
clean tap root development<br />
• Boron and manganese may be<br />
needed on alkaline, sandy soils<br />
• Potassium rarely needed due to<br />
high levels in NM soils<br />
• Carrot seedlings are salt sensitive; apply manure and<br />
fertilizer with care<br />
• Manure may stimulate root branching if not well<br />
composted
Carrots (Daucus carota var. sativus)<br />
• Somewhat tolerant to frost<br />
• Mulch heavily<br />
before freeze<br />
• Harvest before<br />
a hard freeze<br />
http://trends.move.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/carrots.jpg
Carrot Bolting<br />
• Bolting = Seed stalk development<br />
• Long term exposure <strong>of</strong> young plants to low<br />
temperature can cause bolting later in the<br />
season<br />
• May also bolt if exposed to high temperatures<br />
later in development
• ‘Imperator’<br />
• ‘Red Core Chantenay’<br />
• ‘Danvers Half Long’<br />
• ‘Nantes Coreless’<br />
Carrot Cultivars
Goosefoot Family (Chenopodiaceae)<br />
• Spinach<br />
• Beets<br />
• Chard
• Native to Iran<br />
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)<br />
• Spina means “spiny”,<br />
Latin for prickly seed<br />
• Hardy, cool-season annual<br />
• High in vitamins A & C, calcium, iron, &<br />
potassium
Spinach Culture<br />
• Tolerant to frost or light freeze<br />
• Prefers growing temperatures between 55-65°F<br />
• Tends to bolt and develop bitter flavor when<br />
maturing in hot weather<br />
• Harvest older leaves to<br />
prolong harvest
Spinach Planting<br />
• Seed will not germinate if soil temperature is<br />
greater than 85 o F<br />
• Fall planting window,<br />
Area 1: Sep 1 - Sep 30<br />
Area 2: Aug 1 - Aug 30<br />
Area 3: Mar 15 - Jul 15
Spinach Cultivars<br />
• ‘America’<br />
• ‘Winter Bloomsdale’ (Savoy)<br />
• ‘Melody’ (Savoy)<br />
• ‘Longstanding’<br />
• ‘Hybrid Tyee’<br />
• ‘Hybrid Avon’ (Savoy)<br />
• ‘Giant Nobel’
New Zealand Spinach<br />
• Note: Although similar in flavor, New Zealand<br />
spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides) is a warm<br />
season crop not related to spinach (Spinacia<br />
oleracea).<br />
http://davesgarden.com
Mustard Family (Cruciferae)<br />
• Broccoli<br />
• Cabbage<br />
• Cauliflower<br />
• Collards<br />
• Kale<br />
• Turnips<br />
• Radish<br />
• Mustard
Bi<strong>of</strong>umigants<br />
• Brassicas: Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower,<br />
brussels sprouts, kale & canola<br />
• Produce<br />
isothiocyanates,<br />
compounds shown to<br />
reduce some soil pathogens<br />
• Oilseed Radish
Cruciferous <strong>Vegetable</strong>s<br />
• Brassicas; Cole crops<br />
• Distinct flavor comes from isothiocyanates<br />
• Isothiocyanates are sulfur containing<br />
phytochemicals that naturally occur in<br />
cruciferous vegetables<br />
-Cancer fighting properties<br />
-Plant-pathogenic fungi fighting properties
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica)<br />
• Cool season annual<br />
• Tolerant to frost or light freeze<br />
• Grown for it’s edible, immature flower head<br />
• Relatively tolerant to environmental stress<br />
• Best quality when planted<br />
for fall maturity
Broccoli Culture<br />
• Temperatures below 40°F may cause chilling<br />
injury<br />
• Harvest when heads are firm and florets<br />
haven’t begun to open<br />
• Cut sprouting broccoli just below the floret to<br />
stimulate new shoots<br />
• Button heads due to<br />
temperature extremes<br />
or nitrogen deficiency
Broccoli Planting<br />
• Direct seed or transplant<br />
• Fall planting window:<br />
Area 1: Jul 15 - Aug 1<br />
Area 2: Jul 1 - Jul 15<br />
Area 3: Apr 15 - Jun 1
• ‘Bonanza Hybrid’<br />
• ‘Green Goliath’<br />
Broccoli Cultivars<br />
• ‘Green Comet Hybrid’<br />
• ‘Emperior’<br />
• ‘Green Valient’<br />
• ‘Premium Crop’<br />
• ‘Hybrid Packman’
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var Botrytis)<br />
• Somewhat tolerant to frost or light freeze<br />
• Similar cultural requirements as broccoli<br />
• Heads (curds) should be protected<br />
from full sun to<br />
prevent discoloring<br />
-Self-blanching<br />
varieties available
Cauliflower Varieties<br />
• ‘Snowball’ (types)<br />
• ‘Snow King’<br />
• ‘Snow Crown Hybrid’<br />
• ‘Snowball<br />
Self-blanching’
General Strategies for <strong>Garden</strong>ers<br />
• Vigilance: Always stay on top <strong>of</strong> ‘current<br />
events’ in your garden<br />
• Provide proper nutrition<br />
• Use caution with pesticides & herbicides<br />
• Use high quality seed<br />
• Use adapted varieties<br />
• Plant at the correct time<br />
• Harvest at the correct time
Important Sources <strong>of</strong><br />
Information<br />
Growing zones, recommended crop<br />
varieties, and planting and harvesting<br />
information for home vegetable gardens in<br />
New Mexico:<br />
http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_circulars/circ4<br />
57B.pdf<br />
Or, for a complete list:<br />
http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_h/
Seed Suppliers<br />
Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds: (417) 924-8917, www.rareseeds.com<br />
Burpee: (800) 888-1447, www.burpee.com<br />
Gourmet Seed International: (575) 398-6111, gourmetseed.com<br />
Johnny’s Selected Seeds: (877) 564-6697, johnnyseeds.com<br />
Park Seeds: (800) 213-0076, www.parkseed.com<br />
Pinetree <strong>Garden</strong> Seeds: (207) 926-3400, www.superseeds.com<br />
Plants <strong>of</strong> the Southwest: (800) 788-7333, www.plants<strong>of</strong>thesouthwest.com<br />
Sand Hill Preservation Center: (563) 246-2299, www.sandhillpreservation.com<br />
Seeds <strong>of</strong> Change: (888) 762-7333, www.seeds<strong>of</strong>change.com<br />
Seed Savers Exchange: (563) 382-5990, www.seedsavers.org<br />
Seeds Trust: (928) 649-3315, www.seedstrust.com<br />
Tomato Growers Supply Co.: (888) 478-7333, www.tomatogrowers.com<br />
Totally Tomatoes: (800) 345-5977: www.totallytomato.com
Thank You.<br />
Enjoy Your <strong>Garden</strong>!
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