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infrastructure, it is clear that any system must provide both physical security for its infrastructure and logical security within its management systems. The failure to secure portions of undersea cable infrastructure, including fiber-optic lines and field element units, now means that the majority of cable landing sites and associated NOCs may be exposed to cyber attacks, even rudimentary ones, via their powerful network management systems. Ralph also argues that the U.S. is not doing enough to protect critical infrastructure from copycat Stuxnet attacks. “Most engineers are aware of the problem, it's just that they don't get the budget to fix the problem. The risk is just discounted. As long as management doesn't see an immediate threat, there is a tendency to ignore it because it costs money to fix,” he stated 43 The lack of a security budget parallels the situation in the undersea cable industry. 43 Mark Clayton, “From the man who discovered Stuxnet, dire warnings one year later,” Christian Science Monitor, September 21, 2011. Accessed at http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2011/0922/From-the-manwho-discovered-Stuxnet-dire-warnings-one-year-later/(page)/2 New Threats, Old Technology Vulnerabilities in Undersea Communications Cable Network Management Systems 23
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Fax: (617) 495-8963 Email: belfer_center@harvard.edu Website: http://belfercenter.org Copyright 2012 President and Fellows of Harvard College
Page 1 and 2: Explorations in Cyber International
Page 3 and 4: Discussion Paper #2012-03 Science,
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT Undersea cables are among
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION Many cyber experts pre
Page 9 and 10: BRIEF BACKGROUND ON UNDERSEA COMMUN
Page 11 and 12: data to more than 8,300 member fina
Page 13 and 14: ENTER UNDERSEA CABLE NETWORK MANAGE
Page 15 and 16: click” - with a click of a mouse
Page 17 and 18: A PROBLEM IN NEED OF A RESPONSE: DO
Page 19 and 20: APPENDIX A: A PROFILE OF CYBER VULN
Page 21 and 22: Graphical Representation of Alcatel
Page 23: APPENDIX B: OTHER CRITICAL INFRASTR

new threats, old technology - Belfer Center for Science and ...

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