Rock Physics of Shale - Stanford University

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$Drilling-induced tensile wall-fractures - Stanford University$

Organic-Rich Shale Organic-rich shales are composed of mixtures of inorganic and organic materials. The inorganic fraction can include clay, silt, carbonate, pyrite, etc. The organic fraction (kerogen) appears as nano-size particles, called macerals, and hydrocarbons. In some cases organics appear as inclusions in the inorganic background, and other times, the inverse. Vanorio et al., June 2008, The Leading Edge. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope image of an organic-rich shale. Monterey Formation. Gary Mavko – Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory 6
What the heck is shale porosity/permeability? • Network of permeable kerogen? • Inter-granular pores? • Micro/nano fractures? • Does hydrocarbon move via Darcy flow or molecular diffusion? Vanorio et al., June 2008, The Leading Edge. Wang, et a., SPE 124253 Gary Mavko – Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory 7
Page 1 and 2: Rock Physics of Shale Gary Mavko -
Page 3 and 4: What is Shale? Wentworth Scale of g
Page 5: Organic-Rich Shale 5 Gary Mavko - S
Page 9 and 10: Porosity in Organic-rich Shale Foss
Page 11 and 12: Porosity in Organic-rich Shale . Lo
Page 13 and 14: Kerogen Moduli Inferred from Nanoin
Page 15 and 16: Example Compositions Mineral Barnet
Page 17 and 18: What parameters are we interested i
Page 19 and 20: What parameters are we interested i
Page 21 and 22: € Passey’s 1 Method of TOC Esti
Page 23 and 24: The method employs the overlaying o
Page 25 and 26: What’s the Shale-Gas Geoscience Q
Page 27 and 28: Shale Anisotropy 27 Gary Mavko - St
Page 29 and 30: Why Worry about Anisotropy? • It
Page 31 and 32: Sources of Anisotropy 31 Gary Mavko
Page 33 and 34: Fabric Anisotropy Here we show a ph
Page 35 and 36: Fabric Anisotropy Gneiss horizontal
Page 37 and 38: Shale Anisotropy Sources of shale a
Page 39 and 40: Deposition/Compaction Hypotheses
Page 41 and 42: Velocity Anisotropy from Thinly Lay
Page 43 and 44: Velocity Sensitivity to Effective P
Page 45 and 46: Lab data: Anisotropy vs. Effective
Page 47 and 48: Vertical Fractures 47 Gary Mavko -
Page 49 and 50: Fracture Permeability High Pp Natur
Page 51 and 52: Fractures/ Brittleness 51 Gary Mavk
Page 53 and 54: Brittleness: Examples Low Clay (tig
Page 55 and 56: Fractures Usually Prefer Certain Li
Page 57 and 58:
Predicting/measuring Brittleness
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Quantifying Brittleness In terms of
Page 61 and 62:
Quartz and Calcite are more brittle
Page 63 and 64:
Poisson’s ratio Young’s Modulus
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Modeling 65 Gary Mavko - Stanford R
Page 67 and 68:
€ Modeling Composition Elastic Mo
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Examples Quartz Calcite Dolomite Cl
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Example computed trends 71 Gary Mav
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Gary Mavko - Stanford Rock Physics
Page 75 and 76:
Bandyopadhyay, 2009, Ph.D. disserta
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Bedding-Plane Microcracks Adding ho
Page 79 and 80:
Bedding-Plane Microcracks Velocitie
Page 81 and 82:
Vertical Fracture Modeling Interpre
Page 83 and 84:
Vertical Fracture Modeling -- NMO T
Page 85 and 86:
Issues • Shale lab data are spars
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Rock Physics of Shale - Stanford University

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