SEEDS PLANTS OF FIJI

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Van Balgooy, 1971, did accept the genus as indigenous in Fiji, and Jaffré et al., 2001, accepted ten species as indigenous in New Caledonia). 35. Commelinaceae 2/2 Aneilema 1. Nr. s.l. – 500 m. Commelina 1. Nr. s.l. – 600 m. 36. Flagellariaceae 1/3 Flagellaria 3. Nr. s.l., on the edges of mangrove swamps, – 900 m. 37. Joinvilleaceae 1/1 Joinvillea 1. Nr. s.l. – 1195 m. 38. Poaceae 21/26 Parham (in Smith) sometimes does not specify whether a taxon is indigenous or not, and in some cases it probably impossible to know. 8 species, namely the members of Eragrostis, Garnotia, Isachne and Ischaemum, have been regarded as endemic, but R.O. Gardner (pers. comm. Sept. 2005) recognises only two Fiji endemic species, one Garnotia and one Isachne. Schizostachyum 1. Nr. s.l. – 900 m. This may be an aboriginal introduction (R.O. Gardner, pers. comm. Sept. 2005). Centosteca (= Centotheca) 1. s.l. – 1000 m. Eragostis 1. 10 – 60 m. Dry hillsides, limestone ridges etc. There are perhaps two indigenous species (R.O.Gardner, pers. comm. Sept. 2005). Dactyloctenium 1. s.l. – 30 m. Possibly not indigenous – there are no 19 th century records (R.O. Gardner, pers. comm. Sept. 2005). Lepturus 2. At s.l. only: sandy shores, beaches, rocky shores. Garnotia 5. S.l. – 1067 m. R.O. Gardner (pers. comm. Sept. 2005) regards the Fijian populations as comprising a single species. Aristida 1. One collection only (Makodroga I., Loma-i-Viti): 60 m. Dry forested slope. Ehrharta (incl. Microlaena) 1. 1000 – 1300 m. (Mt. Tomanivi only), presumably in forest, as elsewhere. Taxonomy follows Willemse (1982) (not cited by Parham in Smith). Paspalum 1. (P. vaginatum, R.O.Gardner pers. comm. Sept. 2005): ‘widespread throughout tropics’ – in Fiji usually near s.l.: on beaches and creek banks and in mangrove swamps. Limestone. Stenotaphrum 1. Sandy coastal areas (beach on Vatulele I., Vodonaivalu, SUVA). Limestone. Thuarea 1. Common on beaches. Limestone. Cenchrus 1. Coastal areas – 900 m. Limestone. Sacciolepis 1. S.l. – 100 m. Isachne 1. S.l. – 1300 m. Imperata 1. S.l. – 900 m. Miscanthus 1. S.l. – 900 m. Erianthus 1. Nr. s.l. – 600 m. (Possibly a hybrid of Miscanthus and Saccharum). 6
Saccharum 1. Nr. s.l. – 600 m. Microstegium 1. Nr. s.l. – 900 m. Ischaemum 1. No altitudinal information available (known from the type only). Limestone. Chrysopogon 1. Nr. s.l. – 900 m. ‘Probably an aboriginal introduction’ (Parham in Smith), although it grows well on coastal limestone in Niue (R.O. Gardner pers. comm., Sept. 2005). Limestone. Van Balgooy (1971) accepted 16 other grass genera as indigenous to Fiji, a discrepancy which illustrates the problems of ascertaining original distributions in this weedy and cultivated family. Six of the genera accepted by van Balgooy that are the most likely to be indigenous are the following, with evaluations by Parham (in Smith): Setaria 1. s.l., inner edges of mangrove swamps, swampy areas, rocky places, open hillsides, along roadsides, cultivated areas – ‘several hundred’ metres. Warmer parts of the north temperate Old World, now widely distributed in the tropical Old World and other areas. Oplismenus 3. Two of these ‘appear to have been very early, possibly aboriginal introductions’. s.l. – 900 m. Sacciolepis 1. s.l. – 1000 m. Common throughout Fiji, ‘which suggests it was an early introduction’. Ancistrachne 1. 240 m. ‘The distribution, if natural, is very unusual’. It is not clear whether this refers to the distribution outside Fiji (Australia, New Caledonia, Philippines), or within Fiji (Mamanucas and Makodroga, Loma-i-Viti). Neither is especially unusual. Heteropogon 1. s.l. – 250 m, ‘aboriginal or very early European introduction’. Coix 1. s.l. – 900 m, ‘presumed’ aboriginal introduction. 39. Arecaceae 11/24. Additional altitude information has been taken from Fuller (1997) and Watling 2005). Pritchardia 1. s.l. – 80 m. Only on limestone islets and limestone lagoon cliffs: ‘the palms grow right down to the edge of the sea, and are subject to salt spray from large waves’ (Fuller & Jones 1999). Metroxylon 1. Coastal and some inland records (one of the specimens cited by McClatchey, 1999, is from ‘near sea-level’). No other altitudinal information is available. The Fijian species belongs to sect. Coelococcus which was revised by McClatchey (1999). Calamus 1. Nr. s.l. – 800 m. Veitchia 4. Nr. s.l. – 1200 m. Close behind mangrove (Watling 2005), exposed limestone karst (Watling 2005). Two species accepted by Moore (in Smith) were synonymised by Doyle & Fuller (1998), and one was deleted by them as ‘dubious’. Three other species accepted by Moore (in Smith) were synonymised by Zona & Fuller (1999). Balaka 6. Nr. s.l. – 1000 m. One species was deleted by Doyle & Fuller (1998) as ‘dubious’, one new species was described by Fuller & Dowe (1999), and one species remains undescribed (Doyle & Fuller 1998). Neoveitchia 1. No altitudinal information is available apart from one collection (Naqali 7
Page 1 and 2: APPENDIX S1: Systematic account of
Page 3 and 4: (16. Agavaceae 1/1 Cordyline 1. ‘
Page 5: 1200 m. Limestone. Calymmanthera 1.
Page 9 and 10: Xylopia 3. Nr. s.l. - 900 m. (One s
Page 11 and 12: 69. Nyctaginaceae 2/4 Boerhavia 1.
Page 13 and 14: four main islands of Samoa. The N V
Page 15 and 16: 111. Ericaceae 1/1 Paphia 1. 450 -
Page 17 and 18: 750 m. Erythrina 2. Along coasts, i
Page 19 and 20: (1969) (see comments above, under
Page 21 and 22: 154. Leeaceae 1/1 Leea 1. Nr. s.l.
Page 23 and 24: Limestone. For taxonomy, see Puttoc
Page 25 and 26: Clerodendrum 1. Nr. s.l.: beach thi
Page 27 and 28: Inocarpus fagifer (Fab.). Malesia t
Page 29 and 30: Caesalpinia bonduc (Caesalp.; wides
Page 31 and 32: van Balgooy MMJ. 1993. Pacific plan
Page 33 and 34: Kress WJ. 1990. The taxonomy of Old

SEEDS PLANTS OF FIJI

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