the international technology transfer process - Bayhdolecentral

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for the efficient utilization of the hardware to produce materials, com­
.ponents.,..and ...end..•products, ..•while ...soft...technology•..refers...to...manage,
ment, marketing, financial organization, and administration techniques.
Proprietary technology is owned or controlled by particular individuals
or institutions. It may be held as a trade secret or it may be published
as a patent. Nonproprietary technology includes knowledge contained
in technical literature, hardware, and services that can be imitated or
reproduced by observation and through reverse engineering without
infringing on the proprietary rights. The classifications front-end and
obsolete relate to the newness of technology and its competitive advantage.
Front-end technology is the latest available, while old technology,
in some cases, is obsolescent.