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Towards a Fourth Generation Distance Education Holmberg, B. (1977). Distance education: A survey and bibliography. London: Kogan Page. Holmberg, B. (1986). Growth and structure of distance education. London: Croom Helm. Holmberg, B. (1995). The evolution of the character and practice of distance education. Open Learning, 10 (2), 47-53. Jafari, A. (1997). Issues in distance education [On-line]. T.H.E. Journal. Available: www.thejournal.com/past/OCT/1097exclu3.html Keegan, D. (1983). On defining distance education. In D. Sewart, D. Keegan, & B. Holmberg (Eds.), Distance education: International perspectives (pp. 6-18). London: Croom Helm. Khan, B. H. (1997). Web-based instruction (WBI): What is it and why is it? In B. H. Khan (Ed.), Web-based instruction (pp. 5-19). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications. Kubala, T. (1998). Addressing student needs: Teaching on the Internet [On-line]. T.H.E. Journal. Available: www.thejournal.com/98/mar/398feat4.html Noffsinger, J. S. (1926). Correspondence schools. Iyceums, chatauguas. New York: Macmillan. Peterson, M. (1997). Language teaching and networking. System, 25 (1), 29-37. Poon, S. (1993). Internet Relay Chat (IRC)—A real-time multi-user computer collaborative learning medium. In T. Nunan (Ed.), Distance education futures (pp. 63-72). Adelaide: University of South Australia. President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee Report to the President. (1999, February). Information technology research: Investing in our future. Arlington, VA: National Coordination Office for Computing. Robinson, B. (1984). Telephone teaching. In A. W. Bates (Ed.), The role of technology in distance education (pp. 121-137). London, Sydney: Croom Helm. Tsichritzis, D. (1999). Reengineering the university. Communications of the ACM, 42 (6), 93-100. Wang, Y. (1999). Learning Chinese characters through multimedia [On-line]. Call- EJ. Available: www.lerc.ritsumei.ac.jp/callej/4-1/wang1.html Warschauer, M. (1997). Computer-mediated collaborative learning: Theory and practice. The Modern Language Journal, 81 (4), 470-481. Williams, S., & Sharma, P. (1988). Language acquisition by distance education: An Australian survey. Distance Education, 9 (1), 127-146. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to express our gratitude to Associate Professor Mary Farquhar and Professor Nick Knight for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of <strong>this</strong> paper. 560 CALICO Journal
AUTHORS’ BIODATA Yuping Wang and Chengzheng Sun Yuping Wang is Lecturer of Chinese language at Griffith University, Australia. Her research interests are the use of multimedia in teaching Chinese language, Internet-based language teaching, distance education, Chinese language software development, and second language teaching methodologies. She has developed a multimedia package for learning Chinese characters. Dr. Chengzheng Sun is a Chair Professor in Internet Computing at the School of Computing and Information Technology, Griffith University, Australia. His major areas of research interests and expertise include Internet and Web computing technologies and applications, real time collaborative systems, mobile computing, and distributed operating systems. AUTHORS’ ADDRESSES Wang Yuping School of Languages and Linguistics Griffith University Nathan 4111 Australia Phone: +617 3875 7537 Fax: +617 3875 6766 E-mail: y.wang@gu.edu.au Dr. Chengzheng Sun School of Computing and Information Technology Griffith University Nathan 4111 Australia Phone: +617 3875 6540 Fax: +617 38755051 E-mail: c.sun@cit.gu.edu.au Volume 18 Number 3 561
Page 1 and 2: Yuping Wang and Chengzheng Sun Inte
Page 3 and 4: Table 1 Four-Generation Theory Gene
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Page 11 and 12: Changes in Mediated Subject Matter
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Page 21: REFERENCES Yuping Wang and Chengzhe

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