Anaerobic Digestion of Thin Stillage for Biogas
Anaerobic Digestion of Thin Stillage for Biogas
Anaerobic Digestion of Thin Stillage for Biogas
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Patrick J. Hirl, P.E. Ph.D.
Whole <strong>Stillage</strong><br />
7 gallons @ 12%<br />
Wet Cake<br />
10 lbs @ 36%<br />
Centrifuge<br />
<strong>Thin</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong><br />
4 gallons @ 5%<br />
Evaporator<br />
•Values per gallon <strong>of</strong> ethanol produced<br />
•Concentrations are % solids by weight<br />
Dryer<br />
Syrup<br />
0.4 gallons @ 33%<br />
2,000 btu<br />
10,800 btu<br />
DDGS<br />
6 lbs @ 90%
Whole <strong>Stillage</strong><br />
7 gallons @ 12%<br />
Wet Cake<br />
10 lbs @ 36%<br />
Centrifuge<br />
<strong>Thin</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong><br />
4 gallons @ 7%<br />
<strong>Anaerobic</strong><br />
Digester<br />
•Values per gallon <strong>of</strong> ethanol produced<br />
•Concentrations are % solids by weight<br />
Dryer<br />
20,000 btu<br />
5,400 btu<br />
DDG<br />
5.4 lbs @ 90%
Whole <strong>Stillage</strong><br />
6.2 gallons @ 12%<br />
<strong>Anaerobic</strong><br />
Digester<br />
30,000 btu<br />
•Values per gallon <strong>of</strong> ethanol produced<br />
•Concentrations are % solids by weight
(US Patent 7,524,418)
Energy Use to Produce a Gallon <strong>of</strong> Ethanol (BTU)<br />
90000<br />
80000<br />
70000<br />
60000<br />
50000<br />
40000<br />
30000<br />
20000<br />
10000<br />
0<br />
Green Energy<br />
Production<br />
Transportation<br />
Corn Growing<br />
Energy Value <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Gallon <strong>of</strong> Ethanol<br />
Green Energy<br />
Production<br />
Transportation<br />
Corn Growing<br />
Dry Mill <strong>Thin</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> AD
Carbon Emission (gCO 2e/MJ)<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
CaRFG Ethanol <strong>Thin</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> AD<br />
WTW Indirect Land Use
Value <strong>of</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> ($ US/10 3 gallons ethanol produced)<br />
590<br />
540<br />
490<br />
440<br />
390<br />
340<br />
290<br />
240<br />
190<br />
140<br />
90<br />
Value <strong>of</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> = value <strong>of</strong> biogas + value <strong>of</strong> DDGS – energy input<br />
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200<br />
Average Natural Gas Price $6 US/mmBTU<br />
DDGS Price ($ US/ton)<br />
DDGS
Value <strong>of</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> ($ US/10 3 gallons ethanol produced)<br />
590<br />
540<br />
490<br />
440<br />
390<br />
340<br />
290<br />
240<br />
190<br />
140<br />
90<br />
Value <strong>of</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> = value <strong>of</strong> biogas + value <strong>of</strong> DDGS – energy input<br />
<strong>Biogas</strong><br />
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200<br />
Average Natural Gas Price $6 US/mmBTU<br />
DDGS Price ($ US/ton)<br />
DDGS
Value <strong>of</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> ($ US/10 3 gallons ethanol produced)<br />
590<br />
540<br />
490<br />
440<br />
390<br />
340<br />
290<br />
240<br />
190<br />
140<br />
90<br />
Value <strong>of</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> = value <strong>of</strong> biogas + value <strong>of</strong> DDGS – energy input<br />
<strong>Biogas</strong><br />
DDG and <strong>Biogas</strong><br />
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200<br />
Average Natural Gas Price $6 US/mmBTU<br />
DDGS Price ($ US/ton)<br />
DDGS
Value <strong>of</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> ($ US/10 3 gallons ethanol produced)<br />
590<br />
540<br />
490<br />
440<br />
390<br />
340<br />
290<br />
240<br />
190<br />
140<br />
90<br />
Value <strong>of</strong> <strong>Stillage</strong> = value <strong>of</strong> biogas + value <strong>of</strong> DDGS – energy input<br />
<strong>Biogas</strong><br />
DDG and <strong>Biogas</strong><br />
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200<br />
Average Natural Gas Price $8 US/mmBTU<br />
DDGS Price ($ US/ton)<br />
DDGS
Designing <strong>for</strong> the Future
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