A world first in time zone watches - Watchuseek, World's Most ...
A world first in time zone watches - Watchuseek, World's Most ...
A world first in time zone watches - Watchuseek, World's Most ...
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A <strong>world</strong> <strong>first</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> <strong>watches</strong><br />
When Michael set-out to establish his own watch mak<strong>in</strong>g atelier <strong>in</strong> 2003, he had a sole<br />
ambition: to make his VOGARD brand the number one reference <strong>in</strong> traveller's <strong>watches</strong>. More<br />
than six years later and his unique design rema<strong>in</strong>s the only wristwatch to offer <strong>in</strong>stant <strong>time</strong><br />
<strong>zone</strong> adjustment with a simple twist of the bezel.<br />
Thousands of VOGARD <strong>watches</strong> have now been sold around the <strong>world</strong> and have been tested<br />
vigorously day-<strong>in</strong>, day-out <strong>in</strong> real-life situations. Feedback from VOGARD's <strong>in</strong>ternational client<br />
base has been entirely positive, with the patented Time<strong>zone</strong>r® mechanism prov<strong>in</strong>g superbly<br />
reliable <strong>in</strong> the hands of both private and professional travellers.<br />
Special editions, such as the Licensed Pilot for fliers and the Radiator F1, have attracted a<br />
particular follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the <strong>world</strong>'s of aviation and motor sport where the proven accuracy and<br />
ease of use of the Time<strong>zone</strong>r system have resulted <strong>in</strong> many owners regard<strong>in</strong>g their <strong>watches</strong><br />
almost as tools of their trade.<br />
THE THE CHRONOZONER CHRONOZONER - ANOTHER FIRST.<br />
The latest development <strong>in</strong> the VOGARD range, the Chrono<strong>zone</strong>r <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> chronograph,<br />
demonstrates the permanence of the VOGARD brand and paves the way for a series of<br />
further complications which are scheduled to be gradually added to the l<strong>in</strong>e - up every three to<br />
four years follow<strong>in</strong>g a programme of careful development and extensive test<strong>in</strong>g to ensure they<br />
comply with the key VOGARD philosophy - to make the best and most practical <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong><br />
<strong>watches</strong> <strong>in</strong> the <strong>world</strong>. The Chrono<strong>zone</strong>r offers superior functionality thanks to the unique<br />
arrangement of the w<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g crown, the push pieces and the dashboard-like design of the dial.<br />
PERSONAL PERSONAL EDITIONS EDITIONS MAKE MAKE THE THE WORLD WORLD YOUR YOUR OYSTER.<br />
OYSTER.<br />
As with the orig<strong>in</strong>al VOGARD model, the Chrono<strong>zone</strong>r will also be available as a personal<br />
edition, mean<strong>in</strong>g you, the owner, can effectively carry your own <strong>world</strong> on your wrist.<br />
VOGARD's ability to engrave the bezel of your <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> watch to your exact specifications is<br />
a <strong>world</strong> <strong>first</strong> <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>dustry - select any locations you desire, from particular cities to places that<br />
hold special memories. You may even choose to have your bezel marked with the names of<br />
hotels where you spent the <strong>time</strong>s of your life, the art galleries where you bought your greatest<br />
masterpieces, the v<strong>in</strong>eyards that have supplied your f<strong>in</strong>est w<strong>in</strong>es, the cities where you made<br />
your best bus<strong>in</strong>ess deals . or even with the names of the lovers whom you hold dearest to<br />
your heart.<br />
THE THE NEW NEW WOMAN’S WOMAN’S WORLD WORLD – ALL ALL YOU YOU NEED NEED TO TO ADD ADD IS IS A A SUNTAN<br />
SUNTAN<br />
This brand new model has been designed for women on the move and comb<strong>in</strong>es elegance<br />
and technicality <strong>in</strong> a fasc<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g way. They have taken mother-of-pearl from the depths of the<br />
sea and hand-crafted it <strong>in</strong>to a dial to create a mysterious play of light that will awaken your<br />
desire to travel to the most distant corners of the <strong>world</strong>.<br />
The bezel may be engraved with your favourite and most luxurious travel dest<strong>in</strong>ations. To<br />
ensure you never miss your 'plane - or even your gondola - each city subject to daylight<br />
sav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>time</strong> is adorned with a diamond to <strong>in</strong>dicate the seasonal change. The fem<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e touch of<br />
this highly attractive travel companion is underp<strong>in</strong>ned with a set of three straps <strong>in</strong> different<br />
materials and colours, so that this <strong>time</strong>piece may be comb<strong>in</strong>ed with anyth<strong>in</strong>g and everyth<strong>in</strong>g<br />
from your holiday wardrobe. Special spr<strong>in</strong>g bars allow a rapid change of strap to match any<br />
outfit and any <strong>time</strong> of day.
VOGARD - a unique solution to an<br />
<strong>in</strong>ternational <strong>time</strong>keep<strong>in</strong>g problem<br />
When Vogard founder Michael Vogt worked <strong>in</strong> senior market<strong>in</strong>g roles for some of<br />
Switzerland's best-known watch brands he travelled between more than 100 countries - and<br />
that is when he discovered a gap<strong>in</strong>g hole <strong>in</strong> the market for a stylish, dependable,<br />
mechanically-powered GMT watch that didn't demand complex and laborious adjustments<br />
every <strong>time</strong> its wearer arrived <strong>in</strong> a new <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong>.<br />
It was this that <strong>in</strong>spired him, back <strong>in</strong> 1997, to explore the possibility of creat<strong>in</strong>g a wristwatch<br />
that could be 'toggled' between <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong>s - no matter how many hours apart - by the<br />
simplest, most convenient method possible.<br />
Extensive research <strong>in</strong>to the history of horology dur<strong>in</strong>g the past 200 years revealed that the<br />
watch makers of old were only <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> account<strong>in</strong>g for astronomical phenomena with their<br />
<strong>time</strong>pieces, whereas what Vogt wanted to do was to f<strong>in</strong>d a simple answer to the political<br />
phenomenon applied dur<strong>in</strong>g the 1884 International Meridian Conference at which the <strong>world</strong><br />
was divided <strong>in</strong>to 24 <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong>s, with Greenwich <strong>in</strong> the U.K. as Zero Meridian and further<br />
Meridians at every 15 degrees.<br />
THE THE COMPLEX<br />
COMPLEXITY COMPLEX ITY OF SIMPLICITY<br />
Vogt's vision was to create a watch <strong>in</strong> which the bezel would form part of the movement and,<br />
when turned <strong>in</strong> either direction, would enable <strong>in</strong>stant adjustment of the hour hand. It sounds<br />
simple, but the logistics of perfect<strong>in</strong>g such a mechanism presented major mathematical and<br />
mechanical challenges which took six years to overcome.<br />
When the concept for the orig<strong>in</strong>al Vogard watch was unveiled at the Basel<strong>world</strong> show <strong>in</strong> 2003,<br />
it was immediately recognised as offer<strong>in</strong>g a unique solution to the <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> problem thanks<br />
to its <strong>in</strong>genious mechanism that was perfected and eng<strong>in</strong>eered by Switzerland's most talented<br />
<strong>in</strong>dependent watchmakers.<br />
BRILLIANTLY BRILLIANTLY SIMPLE, SIMPLE, SIMPLY SIMPLY BRILLIANT<br />
BRILLIANT<br />
BRILLIANT<br />
The patented system l<strong>in</strong>ks the watch movement with both the case and the bezel, so that<br />
when the latter is turned it engages a crown wheel which, through a m<strong>in</strong>iature clutch and a<br />
sophisticated gear<strong>in</strong>g system, adjusts the position to the 12 and 24 hour hands of the watch.<br />
Depend<strong>in</strong>g on the model, the bezel is engraved with 24 or 36 different <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> locations<br />
which are pre-synchronized with the mechanism dur<strong>in</strong>g assembly as well as 's' positions that<br />
account for areas us<strong>in</strong>g DST - Daylight Sav<strong>in</strong>g Time.<br />
In order to switch from one <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> to another, all the wearer has to do is open a h<strong>in</strong>ged<br />
lever at the side of the case, rotate the bezel <strong>in</strong> either direction until the relevant city is aligned<br />
with the 12 o'clock position and then re-close the lever. The watch is now set to the local <strong>time</strong>,<br />
and the lock<strong>in</strong>g lever prevents the bezel from be<strong>in</strong>g accidentally adjusted.<br />
The operation takes as little as three seconds from start to f<strong>in</strong>ish, mak<strong>in</strong>g the system as useful<br />
for the busy executive who simply wants to check the <strong>time</strong> on the other side of the <strong>world</strong><br />
before call<strong>in</strong>g a colleague as it is for the <strong>in</strong>ternational traveller land<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a totally different <strong>time</strong><br />
<strong>zone</strong> from the one he or she took off from. And regardless of the number of <strong>time</strong>s the watch is<br />
adjusted, the movement cont<strong>in</strong>ues to run as normal, ensur<strong>in</strong>g no loss of accuracy between<br />
<strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> changes.
The most easy-to-use<br />
mechanical traveler's watch<br />
VOGARD has crafted the <strong>first</strong> mechanical watch <strong>in</strong> the <strong>world</strong> which enables the wearer to easily<br />
change <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong>s with a simple rotation of the bezel. At the heart of this mechanical marvel is<br />
a new watchmak<strong>in</strong>g vision which <strong>in</strong>tegrates bezel, case and movement eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to one<br />
smoothly-function<strong>in</strong>g unit. The result is a traveler's watch with previously unatta<strong>in</strong>able practicality<br />
for the wearer. The VOGARD Time<strong>zone</strong>r® system also is the <strong>first</strong> ever to allow, at a turn of the<br />
bezel, for the <strong>in</strong>dication of Daylight Sav<strong>in</strong>g Time (DST or summer <strong>time</strong>) <strong>in</strong> a given location.<br />
In accordance with the <strong>in</strong>ternationally approved <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> system the bezel is marked with 24<br />
dest<strong>in</strong>ations, one per <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong>. The watch has been developed for frequent travelers who are<br />
overseas and who eventually need to reset their watch to the local <strong>time</strong> at their dest<strong>in</strong>ation.<br />
With VOGARD, the traveler no longer needs to know the <strong>time</strong> difference to GMT or to home<br />
<strong>time</strong>, but only needs to dial the desired dest<strong>in</strong>ation on the bezel. Thanks to a sophisticated<br />
system of transmission wheels, the watch automatically sets the correct local <strong>time</strong> at the<br />
selected dest<strong>in</strong>ation.<br />
P2<br />
CARACAS<br />
<br />
CARACAS<br />
<br />
NEW YORK<br />
RIO<br />
F.NORONHA<br />
NEW YORK<br />
RIO<br />
F.NORONHA<br />
<br />
MEXICO<br />
<br />
MEXICO<br />
<br />
AZORES<br />
L.ANGELES<br />
CALGARY<br />
<br />
AZORES<br />
<br />
L.ANGELES<br />
CALGARY<br />
LONDON<br />
<br />
LONDON<br />
<br />
ALASKA<br />
ROME<br />
<br />
ALASKA<br />
<br />
ROME<br />
HAWAII<br />
MOSCOW<br />
ATHENS<br />
HAWAII<br />
<br />
MOSCOW<br />
ATHENS<br />
SAMOA<br />
<br />
<br />
SAMOA<br />
<br />
AUCKLAND<br />
DUBAI<br />
AUCKLAND<br />
<br />
DUBAI<br />
<br />
NOUMEA<br />
KARACHI<br />
<br />
NOUMEA <br />
KARACHI<br />
<br />
SYDNEY<br />
BANGKOK<br />
COLOMBO<br />
SYDNEY<br />
TOKYO<br />
BANGKOK<br />
COLOMBO<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
SINGAPORE<br />
<br />
CARACAS<br />
<br />
NEW YORK<br />
RIO<br />
F.NORONHA<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MEXICO<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
L.ANGELES<br />
CALGARY<br />
<br />
AZORES<br />
LONDON<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
ALASKA<br />
<br />
ROME<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
MOSCOW<br />
ATHENS<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
SAMOA<br />
<br />
<br />
DUBAI<br />
<br />
<br />
AUCKLAND<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
NOUMEA <br />
KARACHI<br />
<br />
<br />
SINGAPORE<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
TOKYO<br />
SYDNEY<br />
TOKYO<br />
COLOMBO<br />
<br />
BANGKOK<br />
<br />
<br />
SINGAPORE<br />
<br />
P1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
(1) The bezel and the watch are currently set for<br />
London and the <strong>time</strong> is 10:10 a.m.<br />
(2) Open the handle.<br />
(3) Turn the bezel and choose the desired dest<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
at 12 o'clock.<br />
(4) Close the handle.<br />
(5) Read the <strong>time</strong> at the new dest<strong>in</strong>ation.<br />
(6) The watch is now set for Rio and the <strong>time</strong> is 07.10<br />
a.m.<br />
Note: Dur<strong>in</strong>g DST turn the bezel to the s-Position as<br />
Rio is a dest<strong>in</strong>ation subject to DST.<br />
(P1) Push pedal P1 to start and stop the<br />
chronograph.<br />
(P2) Push pedal P2 to return to zero the tree<br />
hands of the chronograph.
Swiss watch eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
at its f<strong>in</strong>est<br />
The Time<strong>zone</strong>r® system is a breakthrough development <strong>in</strong> the eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g of mechanical<br />
Swiss traveler’s <strong>watches</strong>. It is patent-pend<strong>in</strong>g and consists of 3 <strong>in</strong>teract<strong>in</strong>g parts:<br />
1. The Turn<strong>in</strong>g bezel is activated or deactivated by a lever h<strong>in</strong>ged onto the case.<br />
2. The crown wheel <strong>in</strong> the watch case transfers the turn<strong>in</strong>g of the bezel mechanically to the<br />
movement.<br />
3. The heart is the mechanical Caliber ‘Time<strong>zone</strong>r 01’ (see image). A sophisticated system<br />
of wheels transmits the movement of the crown wheel accurately to the hour hands.<br />
This complication is exclusively eng<strong>in</strong>eered and manufactured by VOGARD. As far as the<br />
eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g is concerned, VOGARD appo<strong>in</strong>ts the most talented watchmakers of our <strong>time</strong>.<br />
VOGARD assembles all <strong>time</strong>pieces <strong>in</strong> its own ateliers <strong>in</strong> Nidau, Switzerland. Every s<strong>in</strong>gle<br />
<strong>time</strong>piece is subject to a severe control of precision. The average tolerance is between 0 sec.<br />
and +10 seconds per day.<br />
The watch case<br />
- Antimagnetic sta<strong>in</strong>less steel 316L , titanium or 18 karat gold 5N, polished or brushed by hand.<br />
- Engraved case back with 4 screws and a see-through m<strong>in</strong>eral glass.<br />
- Inside and outside curved sapphire crystal.<br />
- Dials with applied <strong>in</strong>dexes or Superlum<strong>in</strong>ova C1.<br />
- Extra large and faceted hands with Superlum<strong>in</strong>ova C1 for easy read<strong>in</strong>g and extra-strong<br />
lum<strong>in</strong>escence at night.<br />
- Diameter: 43 mm or 48 mm<br />
- Water resistant to 100 meters (330 feet).<br />
The turn<strong>in</strong>g bezel<br />
- Bi-directional.<br />
- Brushed or polished r<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> sta<strong>in</strong>less steel 316L or 18kt gold 5N with <strong>in</strong>visible gear<strong>in</strong>g underneath.<br />
- Exchangeable bezel <strong>in</strong>lay <strong>in</strong> brushed steel or polished alloy.
The Time of your World<br />
VOGARD’s start<strong>in</strong>g vision is that the real luxury for people is to have <strong>time</strong> and to have the<br />
freedom of decision where to go and when. This is why VOGARD is primarily address<strong>in</strong>g<br />
travelers who are able to plan their own agenda. Entrepreneurs of any k<strong>in</strong>d, pilots, sports<br />
professionals or modern adventurers share this philosophy. They are successful <strong>in</strong> life and are<br />
search<strong>in</strong>g for self-fulfillment. They want products which allow them to express their<br />
<strong>in</strong>dependence and which satisfy both their rational and emotional needs.<br />
The company wants to serve watch enthusiasts who travel the <strong>world</strong>. VOGARD shall be a<br />
reliable and useful companion on their ventures, but also on their voyage through life.<br />
The essence of the brand is expressed with the slogan ‘The Time of your World’. Truly<br />
respect<strong>in</strong>g this philosophy, VOGARD adapts the dest<strong>in</strong>ations on the bezel to the specific<br />
needs of its target groups.<br />
♦ Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Officers: Bezel with 24 major cities and capitals<br />
♦ Licensed Pilots: Bezel with 24 Airport codes<br />
♦ Bogey Golfers: Bezel with the <strong>world</strong>’s 24 most excit<strong>in</strong>g golf courses.<br />
♦ Motor sport fans: Bezel with Formula 1 rac<strong>in</strong>g courses<br />
In addition, a very special model to all discern<strong>in</strong>g travelers is the PERSONAL PERSONAL PERSONAL EDITION EDITION, EDITION <strong>in</strong><br />
which owners may select a customized bezel with up to 24 of their favorite dest<strong>in</strong>ations. The<br />
owner will receive a certificate which guarantees that it will be registered as a s<strong>in</strong>gle piece and<br />
that it will never aga<strong>in</strong> be produced <strong>in</strong> the identical execution unless written consent is given by<br />
that owner. As such, VOGARD is a perfect gift with which to remember a life<strong>time</strong> of great<br />
travel adventures.<br />
The watch collection features models <strong>in</strong> steel, titanium or 18 karat gold retail<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a range<br />
between US $ 7’000 to $ 35’000 (ca Euro 5’000 to 25’000). The brand is distributed through<br />
selected high-quality jewelers at prestigious resorts and <strong>in</strong> major cities, such as<br />
- Asp Aspen Asp Aspen<br />
en, en<br />
Hochfield<br />
- Palm Palm Beach Beach, Beach Hamilton<br />
- Pr<strong>in</strong>ceton Pr<strong>in</strong>ceton, Pr<strong>in</strong>ceton<br />
Hamilton<br />
- Fort Fort Lauderdale<br />
Lauderdale,<br />
Lauderdale , Lev<strong>in</strong>son<br />
- San San Francisco Francisco Shapur<br />
- Vancouver<br />
Vancouver,<br />
Vancouver , Br<strong>in</strong>khaus<br />
- Calgary, Calgary,<br />
Br<strong>in</strong>khaus<br />
- Cancun Cancun, Cancun<br />
Ronay<br />
- Sao Sao Sao Paulo Paulo, Paulo C.Amorim<br />
- S<strong>in</strong>gapore<br />
S<strong>in</strong>gapore, S<strong>in</strong>gapore Bezel<br />
- London London, London<br />
Marcus, Harrods<br />
- Paris, Paris, Colette<br />
- Moscow, Moscow, Ambassad<br />
- Madrid, Madrid, Atempo collectors<br />
- Kiev Kiev, Kiev Vendome<br />
- Berl<strong>in</strong> Berl<strong>in</strong>, Berl<strong>in</strong> Quartier 206<br />
- Lausanne,<br />
Lausanne, A l’Emeraude<br />
- Geneva, Geneva, Kunz<br />
- Gstaad Gstaad, Gstaad Weber<br />
- St.Moritz St.Moritz, St.Moritz Embassy<br />
VOGARD’s ambition is to create the best luxury traveler’s <strong>watches</strong> made to date and to<br />
establish itself as a highly recognized niche-player. And VOGARD is committed to build<strong>in</strong>g a<br />
brand with the follow<strong>in</strong>g core values:<br />
♦ Useful luxury<br />
♦ Innovation and discovery<br />
♦ Personalization and <strong>in</strong>dependence
Michael, Le Créateur<br />
VOGARD founder Michael ‘Mike’ Vogt started <strong>in</strong> the watch <strong>in</strong>dustry at the age of 20 when he<br />
jo<strong>in</strong>ed Swatch Group <strong>in</strong> 1983. After study<strong>in</strong>g for an MBA <strong>in</strong> economics and market<strong>in</strong>g at<br />
Switzerland's prestigious University of St Gallen he became European brand manager for<br />
Unilever <strong>in</strong> London before jo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g TAG Heuer <strong>in</strong> 1991 as <strong>in</strong>ternational market<strong>in</strong>g manager, a<br />
post <strong>in</strong> which he worked directly with the sponsored athletes such as Michael Schumacher<br />
and the late Brazilian rac<strong>in</strong>g driver Ayrton Senna to create high performance chronographs.<br />
He then moved to Ebel as <strong>world</strong>-wide market<strong>in</strong>g director, a role <strong>in</strong> which he ga<strong>in</strong>ed huge<br />
experience from the legendary watch <strong>in</strong>dustry guru Pierre-Ala<strong>in</strong> Blum. Next he went to Gucci<br />
where he launched with Tom Ford two of the brand's most significant collections.<br />
It was dur<strong>in</strong>g these high-pressure roles that took him to more than 120 countries around the<br />
<strong>world</strong> that he realised there was a gap <strong>in</strong> the market for a good-look<strong>in</strong>g, simple-to-use, highly<br />
functional <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> watch that could be re-set without all the usual button-push<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
crown-sp<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g that was required of current models.<br />
His conviction that such a watch should be available was so great that he spent more than five<br />
years research<strong>in</strong>g, develop<strong>in</strong>g and perfect<strong>in</strong>g his own patented 'Time<strong>zone</strong>r' mechanism which<br />
would allow his unique 'VOGARD' <strong>watches</strong> to be adjusted from one <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> to another by<br />
simply open<strong>in</strong>g a lever and rotat<strong>in</strong>g the bezel.<br />
The VOGARD name is formed from a contraction of Vogt's family name and the term 'avant<br />
garde,' an expression used to describe a creation that is ahead of its <strong>time</strong>.<br />
When the prototype VOGARD <strong>watches</strong> were unveiled at the Basel<strong>world</strong> show <strong>in</strong> 2003, the<br />
concept proved to be highly appropriate - no one had seen anyth<strong>in</strong>g like it before, and the<br />
mechanism attracted huge enthusiasm from watch <strong>in</strong>dustry experts, retailers, enthusiasts<br />
and, above all, the globe-trott<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dividuals whom Vogt <strong>first</strong> had <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d when he set out on<br />
his quest to create a truly unique <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> watch.<br />
The <strong>first</strong> VOGARD <strong>watches</strong> went on sale <strong>in</strong> 2004, s<strong>in</strong>ce when the brand has developed a<br />
follow<strong>in</strong>g from thousands of satisfied clients around the <strong>world</strong>. In addition to the standard<br />
Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Officer model, versions with specially engraved bezels have been produced for<br />
golf<strong>in</strong>g enthusiasts, licensed aircraft pilots and stockbrokers. In addition Vogt's love of sport,<br />
and of motor rac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> particular, has led him to create editions marked with the names of the<br />
<strong>world</strong>'s most important race circuits.
A voyage through <strong>time</strong><br />
1767 The Royal Greenwich Observatory publishes the Nautical Almanac establish<strong>in</strong>g<br />
the longitude of Greenwich as a basel<strong>in</strong>e for <strong>time</strong> calculations. GMT is set up to<br />
aid naval navigation as the globe beg<strong>in</strong>s to expand with the discovery of the<br />
"New World".<br />
1784 Benjam<strong>in</strong> Frankl<strong>in</strong> is the <strong>first</strong> to suggest the practice of Daylight Sav<strong>in</strong>g Time <strong>in</strong> a<br />
whimsical essay addressed to the editor of the Journal of Paris.<br />
1840’s GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) is established <strong>in</strong> Brita<strong>in</strong> as the national <strong>time</strong><br />
system on land and replaces all local <strong>time</strong>s. It is only officially adopted by<br />
Parliament on August 2, 1880.<br />
1860’s The USA has around 300 different local <strong>time</strong>s and most cities rely upon their<br />
own local “sun” <strong>time</strong>. However, the emerg<strong>in</strong>g railways make it possible to travel<br />
hundreds of miles <strong>in</strong> a day and require a consistent <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong> system.<br />
1883 The USA is divided <strong>in</strong>to 4 <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong>s roughly centered on the 75°,, 90°, 105° and<br />
120° Meridians. GMT is adopted at noon on November 18 and telegraph l<strong>in</strong>es<br />
transmit the <strong>time</strong> signal to all major cities.<br />
1884 On November 1, the International Meridian Conference <strong>in</strong> Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC,<br />
applies the concept of 24 <strong>time</strong> <strong>zone</strong>s around the <strong>world</strong> with Greenwich as Zero<br />
Meridian and Meridians every 15°. This system is still <strong>in</strong> place today.<br />
1914-1918 Dur<strong>in</strong>g World War I several countries, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Australia, Great Brita<strong>in</strong>, Germany<br />
and the USA, adopt summer Daylight Sav<strong>in</strong>g Time. The <strong>time</strong> is advanced +1<br />
hour to conserve fuel by reduc<strong>in</strong>g the need for artificial light.<br />
1925 The number<strong>in</strong>g system is changed so that the day beg<strong>in</strong>s at midnight, as does<br />
the civil day.<br />
1928 UT (Universal Time) replaces GMT. To alleviate the confusion <strong>in</strong> term<strong>in</strong>ology, the<br />
International Astronomical Union (IAU) adopts the term Universal <strong>time</strong> (UT). The<br />
term GMT is still used for some purposes <strong>in</strong> navigation.<br />
1942–1945 Dur<strong>in</strong>g World War II the USA and some other nations keep their clocks<br />
advanced by an hour throughout the year. England uses “double summer <strong>time</strong>”<br />
(+2 hours) dur<strong>in</strong>g summer months and standard summer <strong>time</strong> dur<strong>in</strong>g w<strong>in</strong>ter<br />
months.<br />
1972 UTC (Universal Time Coord<strong>in</strong>ated) becomes effective <strong>in</strong>ternationally and s<strong>in</strong>ce<br />
January 1, 1972 UTC is obta<strong>in</strong>ed from atomic clocks. The unit of UTC is the<br />
atomic second (SI). UTC replaces UT and GMT as a new reference <strong>in</strong> order to<br />
correct the slight <strong>in</strong>adequacy of <strong>time</strong>keep<strong>in</strong>g based on the motion of the earth.<br />
1986 The U.S. Congress passes a law mov<strong>in</strong>g up the start of summer <strong>time</strong> to the <strong>first</strong><br />
Sunday <strong>in</strong> April, while keep<strong>in</strong>g its end on the last Sunday <strong>in</strong> October.<br />
1996 The European Community <strong>in</strong>troduces a harmonized Period for DST start<strong>in</strong>g on<br />
the last Sunday <strong>in</strong> March and end<strong>in</strong>g on the last Sunday <strong>in</strong> October.