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<strong>Observations</strong> on Daniel – Sir Isaac Newton 8. OF THE POWER OF THE ELEVENTH HORN OF DANIEL’S FOURTH BEAST, TO CHANGE TIMES AND LAWS. IN the reign of the Greek Emperor Justinian, and again in the reign of Phocas, the Bishop of Rome obtained some dominion over the Greek Churches, but of no long continuance. His standing dominion was onlyover the nations of the Western Empire, represented by Daniel’s fourth Beast. And this jurisdiction was set up by the following Edict of theEmperors Gratian and Valentinian. Volumus ut quicunque judicio Damasi, quod ille cum Concilio quinque vel septem habuerit Episcoporum, vel eorum qui Catholici sunt judicio vel Conciliocondemnatus fuerit, si juste voluerit Ecclesiam retentare, ut qui adsacerdotale judicium per contumeliam non ivisset: ut ab illustribus viris Praefectis Praetorio Galliae atque Italiae, authoritate adhibita, ad Episcopale judicium remittatur, sive a Consularibus vel Vicariis, ut adUrbem Romam sub prosecutione perveniat. Aut si in longinquiori buspartibus alicujus ferocitas talis emerserit, omnis ejus causae edictio adMetropolitae in eadem Provincia Episcopi deduceretur examen. Vel siipse Metropolitanus est, Romam necessario, vel ad eos quos Romanus Episcopus judices dederit, sine delatione contendat. Quod si vel Metropolitani Episcopi vel cujuscunque sacerdotis iniquitas est suspecta,aut gratia; ad Romanum Episcopum, vel ad Concilium quindecimfinitimorum Episcoporum accersitum liceat provocare; modo ne postexamen habitum, quod definitum fuerit, integretur. This Edict wanting the name of both Valens and Theodosius in the Title, was made in the time between their reigns, that is, in the end of the year 378, or the beginning of 379. It was directed to the Praefecti Praetorio Italiae & Galliae, and therefore was general. For the Praefectus Praetorio Italiae Praefectus Praetorio Galliae governed Gallia, Spain, and Britain. The granting of this jurisdiction to the Pope gave several Bishops occasionto write to him for his resolutions upon doubtful cases, whereupon he answered by decretal Epistles; and henceforward he gave laws to the Western Churches by such Epistles. Himerius Bishop of Tarraco, the head city of a province in Spain, writing to Pope Damasus for his direction about certain Ecclesiastical matters, and the Letter not arriving at Rome till after the death of Damasus, A.C. 384; his successor Siricius answered the same with a legislative authority, telling him of one thing: Cum hoc fieri missa ad Provincias a venerandae meroriae praedecessore meo Liberiogeneralia decreta, prohibeant. Of another: Noverint se ab omni ecclesiastico honore, quo indigne usi sunt, Apostolicae Sedis auctoritate, dejectos. Of another: Scituri posthac omnium Provinciarum summi Qntistites, quod si ultro ad sacros ordines quenquam de talibus esseassumendum, & de suo & de aliorum statu, quos contra Canones & interdicta nostra provexerint, congruam ab Apostolica Sede promendamesse sententiam. And the Epistle he concludes thus: Explicuimus, utarbitror, frater charissime, universa quae digesta sunt in querelam; & adsingulas causas, de quibus ad Romanam Ecclesiam, utpote ad caput tuicorporis, retulisti; sufficientia, quantum opinor, responsa reddidimus. Nunc fraternitatis tuae animum ad servandos canones, & tenendade cretaliae constituta, magis ac magis incitamus: ad haec quae ad tuaconsulta rescripsimus in omnium Coepiscoporum perferri faciasnotionem; & non solum eorum, qui in tua sunt dioecesi constituti, sedetiam ad universos Carthaginenses ac Boeticos, Lusitanos atque Gallicos, vel eos qui vicinis tibi collimitant hinc inde Provinciis, haec quae a nobissunt salubri ordinatione disposita, sub literarum tuarum prosecutionemittantur. Et quanquam statuta sedis Apostolicae vel Canonumvenerabilia definita, nulli Sacerdotum Domini ignorare sit liberum: utiliustamen, atque pro antiquitate sacerdotii tui, dilectioni tuae esse admodumpoterit gloriosum, si ea quae ad te speciali nomine generaliter scriptasunt, per unanimitatis tuae sollicitudinem in universorum fratrumnostrorum notitiam perferantur; quatenus & quae a nobis non 32
<strong>Observations</strong> on Daniel – Sir Isaac Newton inconsultesed provide sub nimia cautela & deliberatione sunt salubriter constituta, intemerata permaneant, & omnibus in posterum excusationibus aditus, quijam nulli apud nos patere poterit, obstruatur. Dat. 3 Id. Febr. Arcadio & Bautone viris clarissimis Consulibus, A.C. 385. Pope Liberius in the reign of Jovian or Valentinian I. sent general Decrees to the Provinces, orderingthat the Arians should not be rebaptized: and this he did in favor of the Council of Alexandria, that nothing more should be required of them thanto renounce their opinions. Pope Damasus is said to have decreed in a Roman Council, that Tithes and Tenths should be paid upon pain of Anathema; and that Glory be to the Father, &c. should be said or sung at the end of the Psalms. But the first decretal Epistle now extant is this of Siricius to Himerius; by which the Pope made Himerius his Vicar over all Spain for promulging his Decrees, and seeing them observed. The Bishop of Sevill was also the Pope’s Vicar sometimes; for Simplicius wrote thus to Zeno Bishop of that place: Talibus idcirco gloriantes indiciis, congruum duximus vicaria Sedis nostrae te auctoritate fulciri: cujus vigore munitus, Apostolicae institutionis Decreta, vel sanctorum terminos Patrum, null atenus transcendi permittas. And Pope Hormisda made the Bishop of Sevill his Vicar over Boetica and Lusitania, and the Bishop of Tarraco his Vicar overall the rest of Spain, as appears by his Epistles to them.Pope Innocent the first, in his decretal Epistle to Victricius Bishop ofRouen in France, A.C. 404, in pursuance of the Edict of Gratian, made this Decree: Si quae autem causae vel contentiones inter Clericos tam superioris ordinis quam etiam inferioris fuerint exortae; ut secundum Synodum Nicenam congregatis ejusdem Provinciae Episcopis jurgiumterminetur: nec alicui liceat, Romanae Ecclesiae, cujus in omnibus causisdebet reverentia custodiri, relictis his sacerdotibus, qui in eadem Provincia Dei Ecclesiam nutu Divino gubernant, ad alias convolare Provincias. Quod siquis forte praesumpserit; & ab officio Clericatussummotus, & injuriarum reus judicetur. Si autem majores causae inmedium fuerint devolutae, ad Sedem Apostolicam sicut Synodus statuit, &beata consuetudo exigit, post judicium Episcopale referantur. By these Letters it seems to me that Gallia was now subject to the Pope, and had been so for some time, and that the Bishop of Rouen was then his vicar orone of them: for the Pope directs him to refer the greater causes to the Seeof Rome, according to custom. But the Bishop of Arles soon after became the Pope’s Vicar over all Gallia: for Pope Zosimus, A.C. 417, ordaining that none should have access to him without the credentials of his Vicars,conferred upon Patroclus the Bishop of Arles this authority over all Gallia, by the following Decree. Zosimus universis Episcopis per Gallias & septem Provincias constitutis. Placuit Apostolicae Sedi, ut siquis ex qualibet Galliarum parte subquolibet ecclesiastico gradu ad nos Romae venire contendit, vel alioterrarum ire disponit, non aliter proficiscatur nisi Metropolitani Episcopi Formatas acceperit, quibus sacerdotium suum vel locum ecclesiasticumquem habet, scriptorum ejus adstipulatione perdoceat: quod ex gratiastatuimus quia plures episcopi sive presbyteri sive ecclesiasticisimulantes, quia nullum documentum Formatarum extat per quod valeant confutari, in nomen venerationis irrepunt, & indebitam reverentiam promerentur. Quisquis igitur, fratres charissimi, praetermissa supradictiFormata, sive episcopus, sive presbyter, sive diaconus, aut deincepsinferiori gradu sit, ad nos venerit: sciat se omnino suscipi non posse.Quam auctoritatem ubique nos misisse manifestum est, ut cunctisregionibus innotescat id quod statuimus omnimodis esse servandum.Siquis autem haec salubriter constituta temerare tentaverit sponte sua, 33
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