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Surface Water<br />
<br />
Precipitation onto land can result in one of two outcomes (or evaporation)<br />
• Runoff<br />
• Infiltration<br />
<br />
Runoff<br />
• Surface flow to drainage channels (rivers, streams)<br />
• Amount of flow directed to runoff is governed by…<br />
– Geology<br />
• Rock and soil type, permeability, fractures<br />
• Soil consolidation, density<br />
– Physiography<br />
• Shape of drainage basin, relief and slope<br />
• High relief drainage areas promote faster flow, runoff<br />
– Climate<br />
• Storm frequency, severity, seasonality<br />
– Biological Factors<br />
• Vegetation cover, riparian vegetation, blocking organic debris<br />
<br />
Watershed<br />
• Surface region that feeds runoff into a single drainage system
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