IFRC International First Aid and Resuscitation Guidelines 2011

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International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies International first aid and resuscitation guidelines 2011 Table of Contents IFRC international first aid and resuscitation guidelines writing group 4 Acknowledgments 5 Foreword 6 Introduction 8 About this document 8 Link to Strategy 2020 8 Where does the guideline fit in IFRC policy? 9 Process to develop the guideline 9 Local adaptation 11 IFRC and National Societies 11 Progress and trend of first aid: community-based health and first aid in action 11 Importance of prevention in first aid education 12 Citizen preparedness for disasters and daily emergencies 12 Future development 12 First aid facts and figures 13 Definition of first aid 13 Number of people reached 13 Science and practice 13 Strength of guidelines and evidence 14 First aid guidelines 16 General principles 16 Self-protection by citizens in daily emergencies and disasters 17 General approach to the victim 18 Medication administration 19 Use of oxygen 20 Patient positioning 21 Medical emergencies 22 Allergic reactions 22 Breathing difficulties 23 Asthma 23 Hyperventilation 24 Foreign body airway obstruction 24 Poisoning 29 Carbon monoxide 30 Chest pain 31 Stroke 33 Dehydration/gastrointestinal distress 34 Acute complications of diabetes 36 Shock 38 Unconsciousness/altered mental status 39 Convulsions and seizures 39 Injuries 41 Burns 41 Bleeding 42 Head and spinal injuries 45 2
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies International first aid and resuscitation guidelines 2011 Chest and abdomen injuries 47 Injured extremity 48 Wounds and abrasions 50 Dental injuries 51 Eye injuries 52 Environmental health problems 53 Health problems caused by cold 53 Frostbite 53 Hypothermia 54 Health problems caused by heat 55 Heat stroke 55 Heat exhaustion and heat syncope 56 Heat cramps 57 Fluid therapy for dehydration (not environmental unless due to heat) 57 Health problems caused by high altitude 58 Animal-related health impairments 60 Animal bites 60 Snakebites 61 Jellyfish 62 Insects 64 Drowning and scuba diving decompression illness 66 Drowning process resuscitation 66 Cervical spine injury of drowning victims 69 Scuba diving decompression illness 70 Decompression illness (DCI) 70 Resuscitation 72 Airway obstruction 73 Cardiac arrest 73 Resuscitation of children (and victims of drowning) 81 Automated external defibrillation 82 Public access defibrillation programmes 83 Methods of providing ventilations 84 Psychosocial support/mental health 86 De-escalating techniques for violent behaviour 88 Panic attack 90 Extreme stress and post-traumatic stress disorder 91 Suicidal ideation 93 Education 95 Introduction 95 Effectiveness of non resuscitative first aid training in laypersons 95 Simulation 96 Retraining/updating 96 Evaluation, monitoring and feedback 97 Methodology 97 Competency based 97 Messaging 98 References 100 Annexes 140 Survey data on first aid and first aid education 140 3
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The Fundamental Principles of the I
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IFRC International First Aid and Resuscitation Guidelines 2011

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