Themes of Unity and Division in Beta Israel Identity Formation
Themes of Unity and Division in Beta Israel Identity Formation
Themes of Unity and Division in Beta Israel Identity Formation
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<strong>Themes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Unity</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Division</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Beta</strong> <strong>Israel</strong> <strong>Identity</strong> <strong>Formation</strong><br />
22<br />
Kaplan, 1993, 648.<br />
23<br />
Quir<strong>in</strong> 1992, 190-191; Kessler, 1985: 69-70.<br />
24<br />
Wolf Leslau, “A Falasha Religious Dispute,” Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> the American Academy for Jewish<br />
Research 16: 82; see also Salamon, 1999, 90; Kaplan, 1992a, 111.<br />
25<br />
Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 151.<br />
26<br />
Kaplan, 1992a, 110; Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 150.<br />
27<br />
Kessler, 1985, 15, 66; Kaplan, 1992a, 72; Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 6.<br />
28<br />
Kay Kaufman Shelemay, “Historical Ethnomusicology: Reconstruct<strong>in</strong>g Falasha Liturgical<br />
History,” Ethnomusicology 24.2 (1980): 245; Kessler, 1985, 68-72; Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 6, 16,<br />
68, 151; Kaplan, 1992a, 17.<br />
29<br />
Kessler, 1985, 53; Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 6.<br />
30<br />
Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 68, 151-152<br />
31<br />
Naim, 2003, xvii; Kaplan, 1992a, 22; Kessler, 1985, 12; Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 18.<br />
32<br />
Kaplan, 1993, 652.<br />
33<br />
Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 40.<br />
34<br />
Steven Kaplan, “Categories <strong>and</strong> the Study <strong>of</strong> World Religions <strong>in</strong> Ethiopia: The Case <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>Beta</strong> <strong>Israel</strong> (Falasha),” Journal <strong>of</strong> Religion <strong>in</strong> Africa 22.3 (1992b): 215.<br />
35<br />
Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 40; Leslau, 1946, 79.<br />
36<br />
Kaplan, 1992a, 99, 103-104; Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 89.<br />
37<br />
Kessler, 1985, 104; Kaplan <strong>and</strong> Rosen, 1996, 173; Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 100, 102; Quir<strong>in</strong>,<br />
1998, 205; Kaplan, 1992a, 100.<br />
38<br />
Salamon, 1999, 20.<br />
39<br />
Ibid.<br />
40<br />
Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1998, 207; Kaplan, 1992b, 21; Salamon, 1999, 41.<br />
41<br />
Salamon, 1999, 28.<br />
42<br />
Ibid, 48.<br />
43<br />
Ibid.<br />
44<br />
Ibid, 60-61.<br />
45<br />
Ibid, 41.<br />
46<br />
Ibid.<br />
47<br />
Naim, 2003, 223.<br />
48<br />
Ahmed Karadawi, “The Smuggl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the Ethiopian Falasha to <strong>Israel</strong> through Sudan,”<br />
African Affairs 90.358 (1991): 23; Spector, 2005, 195.<br />
49<br />
Kaplan, 1993, 652.<br />
50<br />
Quir<strong>in</strong>, 1992, 11; Kessler, 1985, 10.<br />
51<br />
Kaplan, 1992a, 165.<br />
52<br />
Kessler, 1985, 3.<br />
53<br />
Steven Kaplan, ”The <strong>Beta</strong> <strong>Israel</strong> (Falasha) Encounter with Protestant Missionaries:<br />
1860.1905” Jewish Social Studies 49.1 (1987): 38; Kessler, 1985, 111; Quir<strong>in</strong> 1992, 191.<br />
54<br />
Kessler, 1985, 37.<br />
55<br />
Leslau, 1946, 89; Kaplan, 1987, 39.<br />
56<br />
Spector, 2005, 42.<br />
57<br />
Ibid , 43.<br />
58<br />
Naim, 2003, 131.<br />
59<br />
Ibid, 139-140.<br />
60<br />
Ibid Naim, 2003, 163.<br />
61<br />
Spector, 2005, 66.<br />
62<br />
Salamon, 1999, 123.<br />
21
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