Theory & Literature Review - Florida State University

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TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION……………………………………….…………………………………………...iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………….……………………………... iv LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................xiii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………..……....xiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 Purpose…………………………………...…………………………......………...……… 3 Objectives............................................................................................................................ 3 Development Objective..................................................................................................... 3 Testing Objectives............................................................................................................. 3 Hypotheses………………………………………………………………………………... 3 Research Questions……………………………………………………………………….. 5 Assumptions……………………………………………………………………...……..... 5 Limitations………………………………………………………….…………………...... 5 Definitions………………………………………………………………………………....6 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE…...…………………………………………………..….… 7 Functional Design Process………………………………………………..…………….… 7 Postural Alignment……………………………………………………........….………... 10 Importance of Proper Postural Alignment.……………………………………….……. 11 Definition of Postural Alignment…………….............……………………….……….. .11 Adverse Effects of Improper Postural Alignment........……………………….……….. 12 Current Corrective Approaches for Improper Posture..……………………….……….. 13 Need for Thoracic Support Research…………..............……………………….……… 15 Wearer Acceptability…………………………….......………………........….…………. 16 Comfort……………………………..............………………………........….…………. 17 Thermal comfort…………………................………………………........….…………. 18 Fit….......................………………................………………………........….…………. 18 Mobility..................………………................………………………........….………….20 Psychosocial Comfort........………................………………………........….…………. 21 Summary............................………................………………………........….…………. 22 3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND PRELIMINARY WORK………………...…....23 Functional Design Process................................................................................................ 23 Preliminary Work............................................................................................................... 26 Market Analysis............................................................................................................... 26 Rigid Support Products.................................................................................................. 26 vi
Semi-rigid Support Products.......................................................................................... 27 Non-rigid Support Products........................................................................................... 28 Informal Interviews.......................................................................................................... 30 Preliminary Prototype Development and Evaluations.................................................... 31 Fabrics............................................................................................................................. 31 Informal Postural Analysis.............................................................................................. 32 Preliminary Fit Assessment............................................................................................. 32 Construction of Prototypes................................................................................................ 33 Hypotheses and Rationale.................................................................................................. 33 Research Questions and Rationale for Psychosocial Comfort .......................................... 36 4 METHODS...........……………….……………………………………………………... 37 Design of the Study............................................................................................................ 37 Participant Selection.......................................................................................................... 37 Treatments: Support Products............................................................................................ 38 Sizes................................................................................................................................. 40 Order of Treatments......................................................................................................... 41 Wear Protocol………........................................................................................................ 43 Postural Alignment Effectiveness……………................................................................ 44 Wearer Acceptability....................................................................................................... 46 Thermal Comfort……………………………….............................................................46 Skin Temperature.......................................................................................................... 46 McGinnis Thermal Scale............................................................................................... 46 Fit………………………………………………............................................................. 47 Model Fit Evaluation Index........................................................................................... 48 Mobility........................................................................................................................... 48 Range of Motion…........................................................................................................ 48 Movement Assessment Scale……………………........................................................ 48 Psychosocial Questions…………………………………................................................ 48 Pilot Study……………………………...…………………............................................... 49 Data Analysis..................................................................................................................... 49 Independent and Dependent Variables............................................................................ 49 Statistical Analysis............................................................................................................. 52 Content Analysis................................................................................................................ 53 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............……………….………………………………... 55 Sample……………............................................................................................................55 Hypothesis Testing……….................................................................................................59 Postural Alignment Effectiveness.................................................................................... 59 Body Scans………...……….........................................................................................59 Photographs.................................................................................................................. 61 A Priori Contrasts……………….............................................................................. 62 Discussion……………………….............................................................................. 63 Wearer Acceptability…………...………........................................................................ 64 A Priori Contrasts………………................................................................................66 Discussion………………………............................................................................... 66 vii
Page 1 and 2: FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF
Page 3 and 4: To Norman, NaNa, Tori, Neal and PaP
Page 5: support, mentoring, and inspiration
Page 9 and 10: APPENDIX 107 A Human Subjects Appli
Page 11 and 12: Table 21 - Analysis of Variance for
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Three vi
Page 15 and 16: loosely fitted than both ComA and C
Page 17 and 18: pain, as well as damage to the back
Page 19 and 20: H1a: The prototype will exhibit equ
Page 21 and 22: 3. Commercial support products cont
Page 23 and 24: Table 1 Stages of DeJonge (1984) De
Page 25 and 26: development of sustainable garments
Page 27 and 28: Adverse Effects of Improper Postura
Page 29 and 30: support to the lumbar and sacral ar
Page 31 and 32: joints (commonly called scapulohume
Page 33 and 34: Based on initial investigations of
Page 35 and 36: Fit preference studies have been su
Page 37 and 38: apparent that psychosocial comfort
Page 39 and 40: Table 2 Functional Design Process f
Page 41 and 42: Preliminary Work Market Analysis As
Page 43 and 44: downward directions as indicated by
Page 45 and 46: Informal Interviews Early informal
Page 47 and 48: fabric. Neutral beige was selected
Page 49 and 50: Rationale: The prototype is expecte
Page 51 and 52: Rationale: The prototype armholes w
Page 53 and 54: had hysterectomies; women that were
Page 55 and 56: Sizes Prior to subject selection, s
Page 57 and 58:
For the remaining three sessions, p
Page 59 and 60:
Postural Alignment Effectiveness Po
Page 61 and 62:
Wearer Acceptability The 9-point We
Page 63 and 64:
Mobility Range of Motion Photograph
Page 65 and 66:
mobility, thermal comfort, and psyc
Page 67 and 68:
Statistical Analysis The demographi
Page 69 and 70:
CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th
Page 71 and 72:
Table 8 Height, Weight, Circumferen
Page 73 and 74:
Hypotheses Testing Mixed-Model ANOV
Page 75 and 76:
the lack of a significant ANOVA sug
Page 77 and 78:
Table 14 A Priori Contrasts for Pos
Page 79 and 80:
Table 15 Analysis of Variance for W
Page 81 and 82:
nylon/spandex knit and nylon/spande
Page 83 and 84:
shows mean skin temperatures for ea
Page 85 and 86:
Table 20 A Priori Contrasts for Ski
Page 87 and 88:
cool. Differences in thermal comfor
Page 89 and 90:
Table 25 A Priori Contrasts for Sta
Page 91 and 92:
Table 27 Mean Overall Static Fit Sa
Page 93 and 94:
Table 29 Mean Dynamic Tight-to-Loos
Page 95 and 96:
Table 31 Analysis of Variance for D
Page 97 and 98:
Range of Motion H5a 0 : There will
Page 99 and 100:
Table 35 Analysis of Variance for O
Page 101 and 102:
Table 38 Analyses of Variance with
Page 103 and 104:
mobility ease of movement as ComA,
Page 105 and 106:
indicating that the control provide
Page 107 and 108:
Contrast analysis for the spreading
Page 109 and 110:
provided deeper cut, larger armscye
Page 111 and 112:
support if they had previously comp
Page 113 and 114:
Table 46 Results of Aesthetic Attri
Page 115 and 116:
CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, REC
Page 117 and 118:
of tightness or restriction, and is
Page 119 and 120:
methods. The next direction for thi
Page 121 and 122:
108
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDIX B Human Subjects Applicati
Page 125 and 126:
112
Page 127 and 128:
APPENDIX C Human Subjects Applicati
Page 129 and 130:
APPENDIX D Consent Letter 116
Page 131 and 132:
APPENDIX E Consent Form 118
Page 133 and 134:
The researchers will be present at
Page 135 and 136:
Demographic Subject Information Nam
Page 137 and 138:
124
Page 139 and 140:
Wear Test Protocol During the orien
Page 141 and 142:
15. Subject will remove two empty c
Page 143 and 144:
36. Subject will enter the body sca
Page 145 and 146:
Study Instruction Booklet Session:
Page 147 and 148:
Wearer Acceptability Scale Place an
Page 149 and 150:
Wearer Acceptability Scale Place an
Page 151 and 152:
Read and perform each movement requ
Page 153 and 154:
10. Put your clipboard down and rai
Page 155 and 156:
MODEL FIT EVALUATION INDEX Please c
Page 157 and 158:
Aesthetic Attribute Questionnaire 1
Page 159 and 160:
Return to dressing Room 204. *End o
Page 161 and 162:
Analysis of Variance for Individual
Page 163 and 164:
APPENDIX K Range of Motion Results
Page 165 and 166:
APPENDIX L Frequencies of Participa
Page 167 and 168:
Reduce bulk - shoulders -1 -1 Reduc
Page 169 and 170:
Analysis of Prototype Bust Concerns
Page 171 and 172:
Barker, J. (2007). Comfort percepti
Page 173 and 174:
Dwyer, G. B.& Davis, S. E. (2008).
Page 175 and 176:
Loker, S., Ashdown, S., Petrova, A.
Page 177 and 178:
Turk, J. & Black, C. (2003). Functi
Page 179 and 180:
2003 - 2004 Graduate Teaching Assis
Page 181 and 182:
PRESENTATIONS IN PREPARATION: McRob
Page 183 and 184:
BUSINESS EXPERIENCE: 1999 - 2002 Kr
Page 185:
2004 Spring Hill College - St. Jose
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