Nuclear Agro-Industrial Complexes for NAWAPA XXI

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FIGURE 1 Power Conversion Unit Generator Turbine Commercial Power Power for Electrolysis 1 2 3 4 1. Low Pressure Compressor 2. Primary Heat Rejection Blower Pump Hydrogen Production (Electrolysis) Hydrogen 3. High Pressure Compressor 4. Recuperator Heat Exchanger Pebble-bed or Prismatic Reactor Blower Heat Exchangers Hydrogen Production (Thermochemical) Hydrogen Heat transfer from a nuclear reactor Idaho National Laboratory rials and treats semi-finished products. It is also a power source for equipment, facility heating, and electricity generation.” 2 Nuclear-powered industrial complexes, with their array of reactors, 3 can be designed to supply the heat needs of many different industries—industries which require steam at different temperatures and pressures, as well as direct heat at a higher range of temperatures. Steam from nuclear plants, paired with the nearby coolant water source provided by NAWAPA XXI, and supplemented by desalinated water from desalination plants, can meet many of the intense water requirements of industry and agriculture (Figure 2). While steam temperature requirements are typically in the range of 120-540°C (250-1,000°F), direct heat temperature requirements are often much higher, at 800- 2,000°C (1,500-3,600°F). NAWAPA XXI will require 2. U.S. Department of Energy Steam Systems 3. Besides having more flexibility to add reactors, the arrangement of reactors in a bundle, all feeding into the same set of steam, electricity, and heat infrastructure, allows the freedom to have one or two in maintenance at any one time, without affecting the supply to industries, many of which run continually. Since steam and process heat are not as easily transported as electricity, this will all have to be preplanned into reactor designs. FIGURE 2 Water Use Type 100 Chemicals 80 Petroleum Refining Pulp and Paper 60 Primary Metals 40 Food Processing 20 0 Cooling Process Water Boiler Feed Other Source: Water Ellis, Use Industrial Type Water Use and Its Energy Implications Breakdown of how each type of industry uses water. Boiler feedwater is water used to supply a boiler to generate steam or hot water. Percent (%) approximately 300 million tons of steel, 4 requiring temperatures up to 1,370°C (2,500°F) with current technologies, and approximately 540 million tons of cement, which require temperatures up to 1,450°C (2,640°F). Below is diagram of a few industrial processes and their temperature requirements (Figure 3). You can see that the second- and third-generation nuclear reactors of today are not able to meet the requirements of most of these common industrial processes. Fourth-generation reactors can meet a majority 4. The annual U.S. steel production for 2013 is estimated at 65 million tons. (http://www.steel.org/About%20AISI/Statistics.aspx) 54 Science EIR October 4, 2013
FIGURE 3 Iron Industry Cement Manufacture Ammonium Coal Processing Coal Gasification, Thermo-Chemical Hydrogen Production Production of Ethylene from Naphtha or Ethane Synthetic Gas and Hyrdrogen from Natural Gas or Naphtha Petroleum Refineries Ammonia Production Crude Oil Desulferization Oil Refining Paper and Pulp Production Urea Synthesis 0 100 Generation II Reactors Seawater Desalination, District Heating 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Temperature (Degrees Celsius) 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 Generation III Reactors Generation IV Reactors Comparison of common industrial-process heat-temperature requirements, with nuclear-reactor temperatures. 1 1. Produced from figures obtained from Majumdar, “Desalination and Other Non-electric Applications of Nuclear Energy,” IAEA, Lectures given at the Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors: Physics, Design and Safety, Trieste, 25 February-28 March, 2002. October 4, 2013 EIR Science 55
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Nuclear Agro-Industrial Complexes for NAWAPA XXI

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