Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I How Plants Colonized Land

Chapter 29
Plant Diversity I
How Plants Colonized Land

Plants vs. Algae
• Land plants evolved from __________(Chara)
green algae
• 4 key traits plants share with __________
(__________ and __________Evidence):
1. Rose-shaped complexes for __________ __________
2. Peroxisome __________
3. Structure of __________ sperm
4. Formation of a __________

5 key traits in nearly all land plants but are absent in
the charophytes:
1. apical __________
2. multicellular dependent __________
3. __________ of __________
4. walled spores produced in __________
5. multicellular __________
females – archegonia & males – antheridia

Characteristics of all land plants:
• __________, __________, __________
• cell walls made mostly of __________
• chlorophylls a & b
• Domain __________, Kingdom __________

Nonvascular plants
1. Represented by three phyla:
a. phylum Hepatophyta – __________
b. phylum Anthocerophyta – __________
c. phylum Bryophyta - __________
Liverworts
Hornworts
Moss

2. The __________ is the dominant generation in
the life cycle
• gametophyte - mass of green, branched, one-cell-thick filaments
• sporophytes are smaller; only present part of the time
• spores germinate in favorable habitats
sporophyte
sporophyte
gametophyte
gametophyte

3. Bryophyte sporophytes disperse enormous
numbers of spores
• sporophytes remain attached to gametophyte throughout the
lifetime
– depends on the gametophyte for sugars, amino acids, minerals and
water.
• __________(site of meiosis and spore production) can
generate over 50 million spores.

4. Bryophytes provide many __________ and
__________ benefits
• distributed worldwide
• common and diverse in moist forests and wetlands
• Some common in extreme environments (mountaintops,
tundra, and deserts)

• Sphagnum, a wetland moss, is especially abundant and
widespread.
• forms extensive deposits of undecayed organic material,
called peat
• Wet regions dominated by Sphagnum or peat moss are known
as peat bogs

THE ORIGIN OF VASCULAR PLANTS
1. Two conducting tissues of the vascular system
A. __________–
Dead tissue, water-conducting
B. __________–
Living tissue, food-transporting
2. Water-conducting cells are strengthened by __________
and provide structural support
3. __________ generation is dominant in vascular plants.

Seedless vascular plants
4. Two modern phyla:
a. phylum Lycophyta – __________
b. phylum Pterophyta - __________, __________, and
__________
Club moss
Whisk fern
Horsetail
Fern

5. Most seedless vascular plants are __________, producing
one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte
• both archegonia (female sex organs) and antheridia (male sex
organs)
• Eg., ferns
sporophyte
Single type
of spore
Bisexual
gametophyte
eggs
sperm

6. seedless vascular plants are most common in damp habitats
7. ferns produce clusters of sporangia, called sori, on the back
of leaves