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• disguises and altered identities<br />
• songs and poems<br />
• courtship and romantic speeches<br />
• nautical references and sailing metaphors<br />
• hunting references and metaphors<br />
• references to Greek and Roman mythology<br />
• puns and wordplay<br />
• sexual innuendoes and vulgar jokes<br />
• the satirizing of philosophers and intellectuals<br />
Historical Context<br />
William Shakespeare wrote <strong>Twelfth</strong> <strong>Night</strong> in England in 1601.<br />
• Queen Elizabeth (1533-1603) ruled England from 1558-1603.<br />
• The English Renaissance was at its height, with great achievements in the areas of literature,<br />
philosophy, religion, science, music, and theatre.<br />
• The Protestant Reformation, the movement to break away from the established doctrines of the<br />
Roman Catholic Church, continued to change the religious lives of Europeans.<br />
• England enjoyed a time of expansion and exploration, creating new trade routes and making frequent<br />
visits to North and South America.<br />
• England adhered to a system of social classes, ranging from nobility to middle class to poor.<br />
Reading Pointers for Sharper Insights 6
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