STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE CASTLETON AREA VERMONT

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the Taconic Range, which separates the Vermont Valley on the east from the Hudson lowland on the west (Fig. 1). Most of the eastern third of the Castleton quadrangle lies in the Vermont Valley; the central third is occupied by the higher hills of the Taconic Range; the western third is in the slate belt, an area of Taconic foothills that decline in elevation westward to the Hudson Valley. The highest point in the Castleton quadrangle is Herrick Mountain (2727 feet) at the crest of the Taconic Range. In the Castleton area over a dozen Taconic hills are more than 2000 feet in altitude. The lowest point is 360 feet where the Otter Creek flows northward across the northern end of the quadrangle. The maximum relief is approximately 2350 feet. The Vermont Valley in the latitude of Rutland extends about two miles east of the city, but north of Rutland the Green Mountains swing westward into the northeast corner of the Castleton quadrangle. The valley is interrupted by Pine Hill and Boardman Hill and by the ridge between West Rutland and the Otter Creek. Consequently the compound Vermont Valley in this vicinity includes the West Rutland- Clarendon Springs valley, the Center Rutland-Proctor valley, and the Rutland valley—all trending north. These valleys are developed on the limestones and dolomites. Relief within the Vermont Valley is about 1000 feet. Relief in the slate belt averages 500 feet. Oval, north-trending hills are characteristic of the slate belt, and several lakes occupy the western part. Lakes Bomoseen and St. Catherine (Pawlet quadrangle) fill shallow troughs that may have been stream valleys overdeepened by continental glaciation. Drainage The streams of this area belong to two systems: those ultimately draining into the Castleton and Poultney rivers, which flow west to empty into Lake Champlain at Whitehall, New York; and the tributaries of the Otter Creek, which flows north to reach Lake Champlain at Ferrisburg, Vermont. In the southern part of the quadrangle the Poultney River receives the drainage of the west flank of the Taconic Range, and the Otter Creek, by the agency of the Clarendon River, gets the drainage of the east flank of the Range. In the northern half of the quadrangle both sides of the Range drain westward through the Castleton River valley, which completely breaches the mountains west of West Rutland. 11
VALLEY SEQUENCE TACONIC SEQUENCE 0. Ow Ob ::: Los Ld VALLEY EXPLANATION lACONIC o o Oh Hortonnille sI. 1 Trenton-( Ow Whipple Is. Black On Normanskill Fe. Oo Orwell Is. J River - Ow Middlebary Is. 1 Oh Beldens Fm. Chazy Obo Barchards Is. J Ohm Bascorn Pro. 1 L. 0. Obd Boardman Fm 3 L.L. €dh Danham dol. Ccs Clarendon Springs dOIir U. - Cd Denby Fm. J o I I Lw Winooski dol. I-Coh Zion Hill qtot. Lm Monkton qtzt. I Cs Schodack Fm. Leh Eddy Hill grit Lee Mettawee SI. Cc Cheshire qtot. L€b Bomnosnen grit P-Ens Mendon series }Pre-C. f€f0 Nssafm. FIG. 2: GENERALIZED COLUMNAR SECTIONS OF STRATA IN <strong>CASTLETON</strong> <strong>AREA</strong> There is no question that the Castleton River valley was carved by a river much larger in volume than that which occupies it today. It is likely that much of the drainage that now is carried northward by the Otter Creek flowed westward in pre-glacial times through the Castleton River valley. At present the drainage divide between the Otter and Castleton-Poultney systems is a featureless meadow in the town of West Rutland. 12
Page 1 and 2: STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE OF THE C
Page 3 and 4: PAGE Schodack formation ...........
Page 5 and 6: eak thmst. The Taconie sequence is
Page 7 and 8: Much of the Castleton area is occup
Page 9: Walcott (1888, p. 235) discovered O
Page 13 and 14: The composite thickness of the Vall
Page 15 and 16: east of Lake Dunmore Foye (1917-191
Page 17 and 18: in the Cheshire (Keith, 1923-24, p.
Page 19 and 20: genera as Olenellus, Nisusia, Kutor
Page 21 and 22: egarded as eastern facies of the Po
Page 23 and 24: of very small and very large dolomi
Page 25 and 26: The "lower 10 to 40 feet of the Col
Page 27 and 28: directly above the Columbian marble
Page 29 and 30: West Rutland are among the most bea
Page 31 and 32: Thickness and age: The Orwell in Ir
Page 33 and 34: Age: Many crinoid columnals and oth
Page 35 and 36: northeast of Chippenhook the Whippl
Page 37 and 38: westward so as to overlie the strat
Page 39 and 40: elow under "Relations and correlati
Page 41 and 42: grains came from veins and some fro
Page 43 and 44: assume at least a ten-fold thickeni
Page 45 and 46: poraneity. Vaughan and Wilson (1934
Page 47 and 48: flattened in the plane of the regio
Page 49 and 50: andesine grains, slate fragments si
Page 51 and 52: teristic rusty appearance of the we
Page 53 and 54: Kaiser (1945, P. 1089) discovered a
Page 55 and 56: skill in the Castleton area. Severa
Page 57 and 58: the former is an unconformity and t
Page 59 and 60: 30 0 C a- S In w 0RWE 7 Rusr THI I0
Page 61 and 62:
West Rutland anticline and adjacent
Page 63 and 64:
that Keith mapped at the northern e
Page 65 and 66:
folds in the Taconic sequence. Had
Page 67 and 68:
erosion the Taconic sequence overla
Page 69 and 70:
where more competent beds cross the
Page 71 and 72:
Silurian time. Under the present hy
Page 73 and 74:
dolomites of \ermont from red at th
Page 75 and 76:
tion of the Cheshire. Sands from a
Page 77 and 78:
much of the New England region. Pie
Page 79 and 80:
REFERENCES CITED AGAR, W. M. (1932)
Page 81 and 82:
(1941) The Taconic allochihone and
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STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE CASTLETON AREA VERMONT

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