GAO-13-279SP, 2013 Annual Report - US Government ...

What GAO Found
In November 2012, GAO reported that the Federal Geographic Data
Committee (FGDC)—the committee that was established to promote the
coordination of geospatial data nationwide—and selected federal
departments and agencies had not effectively implemented policies and
procedures for coordinating geospatial data as called for by executive
order and OMB guidance. 5 Additionally, federal agencies continue to
make duplicative investments in areas of national interest, such as road
and address data.
Specifically, the FGDC is responsible for coordinating the development of
the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)—an infrastructure that
includes data themes, standards, metadata, and a centralized
clearinghouse for geospatial metadata. 6 The purpose of the NSDI is to
facilitate the efficient collection, sharing, and dissemination of geospatial
data, and to reduce wasteful duplication among all levels of government
and the public and private sectors. GAO reported that the FGDC had
developed and endorsed key standards, and established a clearinghouse
of metadata—a centralized repository of metadata records. The
clearinghouse allows users to determine whether the geospatial data that
they are seeking already exist and to identify planned acquisitions of
geospatial data and opportunities to jointly acquire the data in order to help
reduce duplication. GAO reported that the three federal departments in its
review (Commerce, Interior, and Transportation) had described their
existing geospatial data on the clearinghouse by making their metadata
available on it. However, as of September 2012, federal agencies were not
using the clearinghouse to identify planned acquisitions of geospatial data
because the FGDC had not developed guidance for agencies that
describes how to use the Geospatial Platform—the primary portal to
access and search the clearinghouse—to identify planned geospatial
investments. Without the ability to identify planned geospatial data
acquisitions, agencies will likely miss opportunities to cooperatively acquire
the data, thus resulting in the acquisition of potentially duplicative data.
OMB guidance directed the FGDC to provide guidance to federal
agencies by November 2011 about how to implement portfolio
management—an approach in which agencies manage geospatial data
5 A total of 31 federal departments and agencies collect, maintain, and use geospatial
information, but we limited our review to three departments and three related agencies:
Commerce and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Interior
and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); and the Department of Transportation
(Transportation) and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). OMB, Circular No. A-
16, Coordination of Geographic Information and Related Spatial Data Activities, Aug. 19,
2002; M-11-03, Issuance of OMB Circular A-16 Supplemental Guidance, Nov. 10, 2010;
and Executive Order No. 12906, Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access:
The National Spatial Data Infrastructure, 59 Fed. Reg. 17,671 (Apr. 11, 1994).
6 Data themes are composed of one or more sets of geospatial data that have national
significance, as established by federal guidance, such as hydrography (i.e., surface water
features such as lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers). Metadata are information about data
such as content, source, accuracy, method of collection, and point of contact.
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GAO-13-279SP Fragmentation, Overlap, and Duplication