Network Center for EANET - ICP Forests

Recent Progress of ecological monitoring
in the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in
East Asia (EANET)
Sase, Hiroyuki
Network Center for EANET,
Acid Deposition and Oxidant Research Center
(ADORC)

Objectives of EANET (Joint Announcement)
The regular phase activities: from January 2001
• to create a common understanding of the state of
the acid deposition problems in East Asia
• to provide useful inputs for decision-making
at
local, national and regional levels aimed at
preventing or reducing adverse impacts on the
environment caused by acid deposition
• to contribute to cooperation on the issues related
to acid deposition among the participating
countries

Framework of EANET and scientific bodies
Intergovernmental Meeting
Secretariat for EANET
(UNEP RRC. AP)
Scientific Advisory Committee
Task Forces
- on Dry Deposition Monitoring
- on Soil and Vegetation
Monitoring
- on Monitoring Instrumentation
-on Research Coordination
Drafting Committee for the 2 nd
Periodic Report
Network Center for EANET
(ADORC)
Network QA/QA Manager
Expert Groups
- on Dry Dep. Flux Estimation
- on Preparation of Technical
Manual for Air Concentration
Monitoring
- on Revision of Tech. Manual on
Wet Dep. Monitoring
- on Revision of Tech. Manual on
Inland Aq. Env. Monitoring
National Focal Point
Participating Country
National Center
National QA/QC Manager
3

Wet/dry deposition monitoring 56/47 sites
Wet/dry
Russia: 4/4
Mongolia: 2/2
China: 8/3
R. of Korea: 3/3
Japan: 12/12
Philippines: 3/3
Viet Nam: 6/5
Lao PDR: 1/1
Cambodia: 1/1
Thailand: 6/6
Myanmar: 1/-
Malaysia: 4/3
Indonesia: 5/4
Yangon
Urban
Rural
Remote
Sapa
Nakhon Ratchasima
Da Nang
Nha Be
Maros
Cuc Phuong
Danum Valley
Tokyo
Mt. Sto. Tomas
4

Ecological monitoring sites (as of 2008)
Soil/Forest/Inland
aquatic
Soil/Forest
Soil
Inland aquatic
Catchment research
Soil and/or forest
vegetation:
27 forests in 19 areas
Inland aquatic:
17 lakes/rivers
Catchment research:
4 catchments
Number of the sites
gradually increased…
5

Plot and subplots for soil monitoring
Subplot
NO.1
Subplot
NO.2
5 - 10 m
1m
Subplot
NO.3
Subplot
NO.4
5 - 10 m
Subplot
NO.5
At least two plots will be selected in each forest.
Two layers (0-5 5 and 5-105
cm)
6
10 cm) will be surveyed for each subplot.

Mandatory items for soil analysis:
every 3-53
5 years
• Moisture content
• pH (H 2 O) and pH (KCl(
KCl)
• Exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na)
• Exchangeable acidity
• (Exchangeable Al and H)
• Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC)
• Carbonate content (only for calcareous soil)
7

Plots for forest vegetation monitoring
X
Forest area
X
Center
of site
12 m
12 m
12 m
X
x
12 m
X
X: Point of
taking photo
7.98m (Survey area 1: 200m 2 )
11.28m (Survey area 2: 400m 2 )
17.85m (Survey area 3: 1000m 2 )
Survey of tree decline for
20 selected trees
Coaxial plots for general
description of forests
8

Mandatory items for forest monitoring
Survey of tree decline: once a year
• Observation of tree decline
(The method was developed referring ICP Forests Manuals)
General description of forest: every 3-53
5 years
• Description of trees: Name of species, DBH,
Height of tree
– Survey area 1: Tree height > 1.3 m
– Survey area 2: DBH > 4 cm
– Survey area 3: DBH > 18 cm
• Understory vegetation survey: Dominance scales
of the respective species (Survey area 1)
9

Long-term soil acidification
at the Lake Ijira Catchment, Japan
pH(H2O)
5.4
5.2
5
4.8
4.6
4.4
a)Suface soil pH(H 2 O)
Plot 37
Plot 38
Plot 41
Plot 46
Plot 49
5.4
5.2
5
4.8
4.6
4.4
b)Subsoil pH(H 2 O)
Plot 37
Plot 38
Plot 41
Plot 46
Plot 49
4.2
4.2
4
4
3.8
3.6
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
3.8
3.6
1988
EANET monitoring
No clear soil acidification has been observed at other sites.
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004

Current condition of tree decline
Current condition of tree decline
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
% of declined trees
20
10
Jinyunshan No.1
Jinyunshan No.2
Dabagou
XPZ-01
XPZ-02
XPZ-03
XPZ-04
Zhuxiandong No.1
Zhuxiandong No 2
Zhuxiandong No 3
Lake Ijira
Yamato
Banryu
Iwami-rinku FP
Mt. Makilling
UP Quezon-Land Grant
Mt. Naejang
Bolshie Koty
Irkutsk
Mondy
Vachiralongkorn Puye
Vachiralongkorn Dam
0
natural factors
unknown factors
insect or disease
cn jp ph kr ru th
No clear evidence of acid deposition/air pollution (EANET, 2006)

Tree decline at the Bogdkhan Mountain in Ulaanbaatar
Tree decline by local air pollution
Winter smog of Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia
Clear A sky new in research suburban project area of
on
sulfur
Ulaanbaatar
flow from coal
combustion to forest
ecosystems has started
since 2009.

High ozone concentration in a tropical forest
120
100
15-day mean by passive sampler
80
O 3 , ppbv
60
40
20
0
2006 2007 2008 2009
High ozone concentration can be seen generally in dry
season in Sakaerat site, Thailand

Stream water acidification with N saturation
in Lake Ijira catchment
The stream water pH and alkalinity decreased since mid 1990s.
The enhanced NO - 3 discharge during the growing season
appeared to be the primary cause for the stream water
acidification (Nakahara(
et al. 2010, Biogeochemistry).
14

Specific works by the Task Force on Soil and
Vegetation Monitoring until 2014
• Promotion of the catchment analysis
– Guideline for catchment-scale monitoring: hopefully
adoption in autumn 2010, and then, starting the regular
catchment-scale monitoring within a few years
– Elaboration of the biogeochemical model
• Trial campaign for ozone monitoring in forest area
– Passive sampling
– Observation of ozone injury
• Identification of the area susceptible for acid deposition
– Sensitivities of the ecosystems based on soil, geology,
and vegetation using GIS technique
– Comparison with deposition data

Further development of EANET
• Signature for Instrument for Strengthening the Acid
Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET):
mainly at the 12 th Session of the Intergovernmental
Meeting (IG12) in December 2010 in Niigata, Japan
• Medium Term Plan for EANET (MTP) (2011-2015)
2015)
• Second Periodic Report on the State of Acid
Deposition in East Asia: : adoption at the 11 th Session
of Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC11) in 2011
Please visit the EANET web site: www.eanet.cc