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harmless & cosmologically interesting defects: local cosmic strings & global defects
the scalar field energy density scales like ú TD ∝ 1/(at 2 )
ú TD /ú ø 8ùGT 2 c
(k=2)
(k =3)
monopoles or domain walls are incompatible with our universe
textures are irrelevant :
1
(k=0)
ú textures /ú
decreases rapidly with
t
cosmic strings
L = D ö öþD ö þ à 1 à õ 4
(|þ| 2 à þ 2 4
F ö÷ F ö÷
0 )2
the model obeys local U(1) symmetry which is broken in the low-temperature
regime by any choice of vacuum |þ | = þ 0
nambu-goto effective action:
e.o.m. :
S 0 [x ö ]=à ö R
ẍ +2 à á à áà á
aç
a
xç (1 à xç 2 1 x
)= 0 0
ï ï
√
à í
d 2 ð
in a f.l.r.w.
abelian higgs model
2,3
1
turok 1989
2 shellard 1988; moriarty, myers & rebbi 1988;
laguna matzner 1990
3 achucarro & de putter 2006
production of topological defects at the end of inflation mairi sakellariadou vi th rencontres du vietnam