Burke_et_al-NIL_Reference_Manual_0286-1984

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Conditionals 28 Nil. Manued 5.4 Conditionals 1 f predicate cOllsequel1l [else/omlJ not x if evaluates predicate. If the result is not false (i.e.. nO( nil). then the result of the if is the rcsult of evaluating cOlJsequent. Otherwisc. jf· else/onn is specified. the result of thc if is the result ofevaJuating else/onn. otherwise nil. not is used )ogical1y (0 invert the scnsc. of a predicatc. That is. it is byconvCnlion used to test for the object representing boo/ran jill.')£'. Because of the emply-list/booJean-faJse duality of the symhol nit. iris functionally equhHlcnt to nuft (page 18). which logically checks fbr the CIIII'I)' /isl which is represented by thc type named nult Thus. one ottcn sees c()nstruct~ of the thml ( i f (n 0 t (n u 1·1 1» ('()f1scqU(,111 r/sejiJn1l) because nuff is used to check for empty-listness (fbr instance. being m the end of an iteraliun down a list). and the not is used to invert the sense. so that the cOllsequcllt will be nm if there is in facl something left to the list l. cond {(prctiicllir {collsequent}-»- GenemJ historical condo Each predicalr to the cond is evaluated. in order. If the result of an evaluation is false. then the cond evaluates the corresponding consequents in that "clausc", returning as its value the vatuc(s) of the last one. unless there were no consequents. in which case the value of the cond is the value of the predicl1le evaluation. \ ..... It... \,....~. , I"",",. 1 .. 1 ,.1\ (p2 c2) (t e» is equivalent to ( if pI cl (if p2 cl e» however cond al10ws multiple consequents. and also may more clearly show the selection by clearly listing the sequentially processed tests. If a11 of the predicates are false. then cond returns nil. when predicale-/onn {consequent-form} (when predicate-form consequent-J consequent-2 cOllsequent-n) ==> (cond (predicate-form consequent-J consequent-] cOl1scquelll-n) ) If predicQte-/onn evaluates non-nuU. then the cOllsequl'llt-jOnns are eva1uated in order and the valuc(s) of the last one returned as the value of the when fonn: otherwise. the when fonn returns nit MC:NfLMAN:PCONS 81 23-DEC-83
NIL Manual 29 Conditionals un les s predicate-fonn {collsequelll-jhml}· ( un 1 e s s predicate-fonn consequent-I cOllsequent-2 consequent-n) ==> (when (not predicate-Jon,,) c0l1sequclII-1 COIlSl'quCllt-2 c0l1sequel1t-11 ) ==> (cond « not predicate) consequelll-I . cOllsequelll-2 cotlsequent-n) ) and {tOnn}· Evaluates each fonn. and if any returns nil. and immediately returns nil without evaluating any subsequent forms; otherwise, the result of the and is the value(s) of the last foml. (and) = > t. or {fonn}· Evaluates each fonl1, and if one returns a non-null result. that value is returned by or . without evaluating any of the following forms. (or) = > nil. or is supposed to return exactly one value, no matter how many were produced by the evaluation of a form. except for the last fonl1 which is evaluated tail-recursively (with respect to multiple value propagation). It doesn't currently behave Quite this way. case keJfonn {(({key·}) {consequent}'}* A dispatch fonn utilizing the eql predicate. In general, (case keyform ( (key-I-I key-I-2 .•. ) fonn-I-I form-I-2 .•• ) ( (key-2-1 key-2-2 .•. ) form-2-1 form-2-2 ••• ) ... ) is essentially the same as (let «tern keyfonn» {cond « or (eql tern 'key-I-/) (eql tern 'kerl-2 ) .•. ) /onn-i-I foml-I-] .•. ) «or (eql tern 'key-]-/) (eql tern 'key-]-2) .•. ) jOnn-2-1 /onn-2-2) ... ) ) Since the keys are constant. however. it is possible for the compiler to detcnnine the cheapest way to perform the comparisons; see eql, page 20. In fact. if there are a moderate number of fixnum keys in a small range. the NIL compiler may use the VAX CAS E instruction to perform the dispatching. MC:NILMAN;PCONS 81 23-DEC-83
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Page 6 and 7: Document History Earlier versions o
Page 8 and 9: T.lbJc of Contents ji NIL Manu •
Page 10 and 11: T~lble ofC(}ntcnt~ iv N II. M~l1lwt
Page 12 and 13: 'I' •• hlc of C()ntcnt.~ vi NIL
Page 14 and 15: Table of Contents viii NIL Manual 2
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Page 18 and 19: Cotl\'cnliot1s 2 Nil. Manual 'n1e n
Page 20 and 21: Numbers 4 NIL MimuaJ 259 259. #0403
Page 22 and 23: Symbols 6 Nil. Manu,,1 Only a subse
Page 24 and 25: Random Internal Types 8 NIL Manual
Page 26 and 27: Coercion 10 Nil. Manual integer cas
Page 28 and 29: Scope. Extent. and Hinding 12 Nil.
Page 30 and 31: 1.4JJl1bda Application 14 NIL M4mua
Page 32 and 33: Prcdic4Jtes 16 Nil. Mamml 4. Predic
Page 34 and 35: Type Predicates 18 NIL Mcamwl 4.1.2
Page 36 and 37: EqlWfilY Predicates 20 Nil. Manual
Page 38 and 39: Programming Constructs 22 NIL Manua
Page 40 and 41: I xfinition Fonns 24 (defmacro with
Page 42 and 43: Binding and ;\ssignment 26 Nil. Man
Page 46 and 47: Function I nvoc,ltion 30 NIL Manual
Page 48 and 49: Ill'ration Constructs 32 Nil. Manuu
Page 50 and 51: Iteration Constructs 34 NIL Manual
Page 52 and 53: Multiple Values 36 Nil. Manual thro
Page 54 and 55: Generalized Variables 38 NIL Manual
Page 56 and 57: .Jo _ • .... ' _ ~ Propeny loists
Page 58 and 59: Lo(al I )cciClfations 42 NIL Manual
Page 60 and 61: Local Declarations 44 NIL Manua1 (d
Page 62 and 63: Proci&un.lliUlls: Glob4t1 I >edarat
Page 64 and 65: Sequences 48 NII~ Manual 7. Sequenc
Page 66 and 67: Creating New Sequences 50 Nil. Manu
Page 68 and 69: . Qig~ .. h4iWJJllU. • .i a LJ 71
Page 70 and 71: NIL Manual 53 Miscellaneous Operati
Page 72 and 73: Lists 8. Lists Note also consp (pag
Page 74 and 75: Creating, Accessing. and Modifying
Page 76 and 77: Substitution 60 NIL Manual 1 d 1 ft
Page 78 and 79: • _ ., Using Lists (is Sets un io
Page 80 and 81: Association l.ists 64 NIL Manual as
Page 82 and 83: The Prill( Name 66 NIL Manual Note:
Page 84 and 85: a The Value and FunctiunCeHs 68 Nil
Page 86 and 87: Symbol COllcalcntalion 9.6 Symbol C
Page 88 and 89: Types. Contagion. Coercion, and Con
Page 90 and 91: Arithmetic Operiltions 74 NIL Manua
Page 92 and 93: I rrational and Transcendental Func
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Numeric Type Conversions 78 NIl. Ma
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Integer Conversion and Specialized
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I #ogical Opcrations on Numbers 82
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t Byte Manipulation Functions 84 Ni
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R~andom Numbers 86 NIL Manual de po
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Fixnum-Only Arithmetic 88 .& &rest
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I )ouhle-Float-Only Arithmetic 90 N
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,; ~:..- Implementation Constants 9
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Characters 94 NIL Manual 11. Charac
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Ch4lmcter Construction and Selectio
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I.ow-I.evel I nterf~lces 98 Nil. Ma
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Primili\'e Fonl I }cfinitions 100 N
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Primitive Fonl Definitions 102 NIL
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Array Element Types 104 NIL Manu
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Fill Pointers 106 NIL Manual array-
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.. Special Vectur Primitives 108 Ni
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Hit Arrays 110 These cnmch together
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Strings 112 Nil. Manual . ]3. Strin
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Extracting Characters from Strings
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Implementation Suhprimitivcs 116 N
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-. • • • _': - " .~. • - -
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Symbol Tables 120 Nil. M,lnual When
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Packages 122 NIL Manual A little th
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Modules 124 NII~ Manual note-modu18
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57 - -.- v 'to , I Syntax of de fst
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Options to detstruct 128 NIL Manuil
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W ·lrV"· • 130 made to be the v
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Optiuns to defstruct 132 Nil. M.tnu
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Options to defstruct 134 NIL Manual
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, • ,~ ~. ~ ~ - • ~.: M • Opt
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Extensions to defstruct 138 NIL Man
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Extensions to defstruct 140 NIL Man
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Extensions to defstruct J42 NIL Man
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The) .OOP Iteration Macro 144 Nil.
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Clauses 146 NIl. Manual single LISP
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Clauses . 148 NIL Manual for \'ar {
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Clauses 150 NIL Manwtl For binding
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Clauses 152 Nil. Manual cortecting
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Cl.IUSCS 154 Nil. Manual 17.2.7 Agg
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Clauses 156 NIl. Manual The fonnal
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Dcstructuring 158 Nil. MJnual numbe
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"I'he ltermion Framework . 160 NIL
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Iteration Paths 162 NIL Manual for
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Iteration Paths 164 NIL M,mual char
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Iteralion Paths 166 N II. Manual He
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Iteration Paths 168 Nil. Manual Her
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The Flavor Facility 170 NIL Manuill
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Introduction 172 NIL Manual (descri
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Introduction 174 Nil. Manual (deffl
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System-Defined Messages 176 Nn~ Man
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Message J}efaults :8xh1b1t-self str
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Stream Creation and Operations 180
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NIL Manual 183 Input Functions 19.3
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NIL ManU4l1 185 Output Functions c1
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NIL Manual 187 Fonnat In r\1I .•
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NIL Manual 189 Format -0 Decimal ou
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Nil. Manual 191 Format -:[jil/sr-;I
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NIL Manual 193 Fonnat -{Sfr'" } Thi
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NIL Manual 195 Fonnat parameters li
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ifSY'· '''7 r • M ttntn ., NIL M
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a'TSSr Sf tin NIL Manual 199 Fi 1cs
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NIL Manual 201 FilcsySlclll I ntcrf
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~II. Manual 203 Fiksyslcm Intcrface
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.- I\ II. Manual 205 File~yslell1 I
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;\ II. Manual 209 Terminal 1/0 51 :
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NIl. Manual 211 Terminal 110 v "pos
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NIl. Manual 213 Syntax 20. Syntax 2
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JIm 770ns ·rss.rm NIL Manual 215 W
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.",7- 33 PC - 'sr' ;; 'm' um NIL Ma
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Nil. Manual 219 The l.isp Reader s1
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NIL ~1anual 221 Flow of Contfol 21.
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NIL Manual 223 Metering 21.4 1\tlet
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NIL Manual 225 Metcring will sneak
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NIL Manual 227 SySl~tn ManJgcm~nt {
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NIL Manual 229 Errors 22. Errors Er
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NIl. Manual -231- Errors :io -Iossa
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NIL Manual 233 Privileges (status g
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NIL Manual 235 Time and I )ate 23.5
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NIL Manual 237 'I'ime and I )ate t
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NIL Manual 239 Timc and Date t1me:p
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,1\ \1..muJl 241 Job/Process and Sy
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Nil. Manual -243 (\Hnpilation 24. C
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NIL Manual 245 Compilation OU/pul-f
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NIl. Manual 247 Efficiency. Optimiz
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NIL Mdllual 249 Illlroduction to th
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Nil. Manual 251 Editing Files This
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NIL Manual 253 Editing Files As an
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NIL Manual 255 Modifying the buffer
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Nil. Manual 257 Modifying the buffe
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NIL Manual 259 Help and Self" I )ol
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Nil. MmlUal 261 Glossary of Command
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Nil. Manual 263 Glossary of Command
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NIL Manual Glossary of Commands Met
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NIL Manual 267 Glossary of Commands
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NIl. Manual 269 Glossary of Command
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Nil. Manual 271 Glossary of Command
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NIL Manual 273 Glossary of Commands
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NIL Manual 275 Extending the Editor
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n .- @" NIL Manual 277 Extending th
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NIl. Manual 279 Extending the Edito
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Nil. Manual 281 User Functions 26.1
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NIL Manual 283 Adding Patches s 1 :
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NIL Manual 285 I )cflning Patch Sys
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NIL Manual 287 Talking to NIL 27. T
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-., il"AIIl'ii!il':!I' '. '~-~--' -
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N II. Manual 291 I nSl41llation 27.
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NIL Manual 293 How the Nil. Control
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Ofirjrnttxd't N II. Manual 295' Per
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NIL Manual 297 Maclisp Compatihilil
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NIL Manual 299 V~IS object files 29
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""WWX e m z Nil. Manual 301 What Wi
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~ •.-..-.......;.....~~-~~~ ~~mll
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NIL Manual 305 Future Changes 30.2.
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·57 '17 . 2'7K2·- 37 r- -iSH' 7 -
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•• EPS 272 n n Nil. Manual 309
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NIL Manual 311 Resource Index si:fa
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NIl. Manual 313 Variahle and Consta
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NIl. Manual 315 Function. Macro. an
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NIL Manual 317 Function, Macro. and
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NIL Manual 319 FunClion. Macro. and
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NIL Manual 321 Function, Macro, and
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N II. Manual 323 Fum:tion. Macro. a
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Burke_et_al-NIL_Reference_Manual_0286-1984

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