Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2 - World Wide Web Consortium

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Full Table of Contents 1 About the CSS2 Specification . . . . . . . . . . 13 . 1.1 Reading the specification . . . . . . . . . 13 . 1.2 How the specification is organized . . . . . . . 13 . 1.3 Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . 1.3.1 Document language elements and attributes . . . 14 . 1.3.2 CSS property definitions . . . . . . . . 14 . Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . Initial . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . Applies to . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . Inherited . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . Percentage values . . . . . . . . . . 16 . Media groups . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . 1.3.3 Shorthand properties . . . . . . . . . 16 . 1.3.4 Notes and examples . . . . . . . . . 17 . 1.3.5 Images and long descriptions . . . . . . . 17 . 1.4 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . 1.5 Copyright Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . 2 Introduction to CSS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . 2.1 A brief CSS2 tutorial for HTML . . . . . . . . 21 . 2.2 A brief CSS2 tutorial for XML . . . . . . . . . 23 . 2.3 The CSS2 processing model . . . . . . . . . 25 . 2.3.1 The canvas . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . 2.3.2 CSS2 addressing model . . . . . . . . 26 . 2.4 CSS design principles . . . . . . . . . . 26 . 3 Conformance: Requirements and Recommendations . . . . 29 . 3.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . 3.2 Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . 3.3 Error conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . 3.4 The text/css content type . . . . . . . . . 33 . 4 CSS2 syntax and basic data types . . . . . . . . . 35 . 4.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 . 4.1.1 Tokenization . . . . . . . . . . . 35 . 4.1.2 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . 4.1.3 Characters and case . . . . . . . . . 38 . 4.1.4 Statements . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . 4.1.5 At-rules . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . 4.1.6 Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . 4.1.7 Rule sets, declaration blocks, and selectors . . . 40 . 4.1.8 Declarations and properties . . . . . . . 41 . 4.1.9 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . 4.2 Rules for handling parsing errors . . . . . . . . 42 . 4.3 Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . 4.3.1 Integers and real numbers . . . . . . . . 43 . 4.3.2 Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . 4.3.3 Percentages . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . 4
4.3.4 URL + URN = URI . . . . . . . . . . 46 . 4.3.5 Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . 4.3.6 Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 . 4.3.7 Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . 4.3.8 Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . 4.3.9 Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . 4.3.10 Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . 4.4 CSS document representation . . . . . . . . 50 . 4.4.1 Referring to characters not represented in a character encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 . 5 Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . 5.1 Pattern matching . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . 5.2 Selector syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . 5.2.1 Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . 5.3 Universal selector . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . 5.4 Type selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 . 5.5 Descendant selectors . . . . . . . . . . 56 . 5.6 Child selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 . 5.7 Adjacent sibling selectors . . . . . . . . . 57 . 5.8 Attribute selectors . . . . . . . . . . . 57 . 5.8.1 Matching attributes and attribute values . . . . 58 . 5.8.2 Default attribute values in DTDs . . . . . . 59 . 5.8.3 Class selectors . . . . . . . . . . 59 . 5.9 ID selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 . 5.10 Pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes . . . . . . 61 . 5.11 Pseudo-classes . . . . . . . . . . . 62 . 5.11.1 :first-child pseudo-class . . . . . . . . 62 . 5.11.2 The link pseudo-classes: :link and :visited . . . . 63 . 5.11.3 The dynamic pseudo-classes: :hover, :active, and :focus 63 . 5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: :lang . . . . . 65 . 5.12 Pseudo-elements . . . . . . . . . . . 65 . 5.12.1 The :first-line pseudo-element . . . . . . 65 . 5.12.2 The :first-letter pseudo-element . . . . . . 66 . 5.12.3 The :before and :after pseudo-elements . . . . 68 . 6 Assigning property values, <strong>Cascading</strong>, and Inheritance . . . . 69 . 6.1 Specified, computed, and actual values . . . . . . 69 . 6.1.1 Specified values . . . . . . . . . . 69 . 6.1.2 Computed values . . . . . . . . . . 70 . 6.1.3 Actual values . . . . . . . . . . . 70 . 6.2 Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 . 6.2.1 The ’inherit’ value . . . . . . . . . . 71 . 6.3 The @import rule . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . 6.4 The cascade . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 . 6.4.1 <strong>Cascading</strong> order . . . . . . . . . . 73 . 6.4.2 !important rules . . . . . . . . . . 73 . 6.4.3 Calculating a selector’s specificity . . . . . . 74 . 6.4.4 Precedence of non-CSS presentational hints . . . 74 . 5
Page 1 and 2: REC-CSS2-19980512 Cascading Style S
Page 3: Quick Table of Contents 1 About the
Page 7 and 8: 9.7 Relationships between ’displa
Page 9 and 10: cursive . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Page 11: B.1 New functionality . . . . . . .
Page 14 and 15: Section 2: An introduction to CSS2
Page 16 and 17: Initial This part specifies the pro
Page 18 and 19: The section on Paged Media was in l
Page 21 and 22: Contents 2 Introduction to CSS2 2.1
Page 23 and 24: CSS2 has more than 100 different pr
Page 25 and 26: Adding more rules to the style shee
Page 27: Simplicity. CSS2 is more complex th
Page 30 and 31: Document language The encoding lang
Page 32 and 33: 3.2 Conformance This section define
Page 35 and 36: Contents 4 CSS2 syntax and basic da
Page 37 and 38: Macro Definition ident name nmstart
Page 39 and 40: In fact, these two methods may be c
Page 41 and 42: P[example="public class foo\ {\ pri
Page 43 and 44: A user agent conforming to a future
Page 45 and 46: 0.28 mm 1.4 mm viewer 28 inch 71 cm
Page 47 and 48: Example(s): An example without quot
Page 49 and 50: Values outside the device gamut sho
Page 51 and 52: When a style sheet resides in a sep
Page 53 and 54: Contents 5 Selectors 5.1 Pattern ma
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5.2 Selector syntax A simple select
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5.6 Child selectors A child selecto
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Example(s): The following rule hide
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H1#chapter1 { text-align: center }
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Example(s): The following rule sets
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5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: :
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The following CSS2 will make a drop
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6 Assigning property values, Cascad
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BODY { font-size: 10pt } H1 { font-
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6.4.1 Cascading order To find the v
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author style sheet and may be overr
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Link to a target medium The bo
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Relationship between media groups a
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Top TM TB TP Margin (Transparent) B
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First element of list Second elemen
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Value: {1,4} | inherit Initial: not
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values, they apply to the top, righ
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’border-color’ Value: {1,4} | t
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Since the initial value of the bord
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Contents 9 Visual formatting model
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9.2 Controlling box generation The
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The P generates a block box, with s
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The properties of the run-in elemen
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Value: static | relative | absolute
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The offset is a fixed distance from
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or like this: Several emphasized wo
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IMG { float: left } BODY, P, IMG {
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image margin paragraph border parag
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Values have the following meanings
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position: fixed; width: 100%; heigh
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Document Window (0,0) (0, 400) 1 Be
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Document Window (0,0) (0, 400) 24 p
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Document Window I used two red hyph
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This text will be beneath everythi
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(U+202C) at the end of the element.
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Contents 10 Visual formatting model
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#div1 { position: absolute; left: 5
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(If the border style is ’none’,
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’max-width’ Value: Initial: App
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10.6.1 Inline, non-replaced element
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Value: Initial: Applies to: | | n
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. We recommend a computed value for
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Contents 11 Visual effects 11.1 Ove
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DIV I didn’t like the play, but t
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(0, 0) (50, 0) clip region (0, 55)
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onclick=’show("container2");hid
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12 Generated content, automatic num
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the pseudo-element will behave as i
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’block’: the pseudo-element is
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Approximate rendering ISO 10646 cod
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Value: [ ? ]+ | none | inherit Ini
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Example(s): The following style she
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first or last line box exists in a
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This is a very short document. This
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decimal Decimal numbers, beginning
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inside The marker box is the first
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OL.alpha { list-style: lower-alpha
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Contents 13 Paged media 13.1 Introd
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Sheet Page box A D Page content B C
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13.2.3 Crop marks: the ’marks’
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13.3.1 Break before/after elements:
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Value: | inherit Initial: 2 Applie
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13.4 Cascading in the page context
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Contents 14 Colors and Backgrounds
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This property sets the background i
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User agents may treat ’fixed’ a
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14.3 Gamma correction For informati
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Contents 15 Fonts 15.1 Introduction
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In the CSS2 font model, as in CSS1,
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15.2.2 Font family: the ’font-fam
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normal font. italic Specifies a fon
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1. ultra-condensed 2. extra-condens
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Specifies the aspect value. The num
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15.2.5 Shorthand font property: the
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menu The font used in menus (e.g.,
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Latin fonts Greek fonts Cyrillic fo
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page can be displayed. Progressive
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15.3.2 Descriptors for Selecting a
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15.3.3 Descriptors for Font Data Qu
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Value: [ [format( [, ]*)] | ] [,
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’stemv’ (Descriptor) Value: In
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the extras are ignored. [p. 42] Exa
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Swiss 721 light Swiss 721 Swiss 721
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The ideal solution would be to have
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15.4.11 Lower Baseline This gives t
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15.4.19 Vertical stem width This is
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The per-descriptor matching rules f
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The next example defines a family o
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Contents 16 Text 16.1 Indentation:
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16.3.1 Underlining, overlining, str
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Example(s): Consider this example:
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This property controls capitalizati
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Contents 17 Tables 17.1 Introductio
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other document languages (such as X
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’table-footer-group’) element T
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caption’s margin caption caption
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current margins text text text prev
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cells rows row groups columns colum
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The two algorithms are described be
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percentage values of ’height’ r
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Long distance calls $1.30 $2.50 $10
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In the separated borders model, thi
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The following example illustrates t
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solid The border is a single line s
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224.00 90.00 379.02 Seattle 27-
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Contents 18 User interface 18.1 Cur
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CaptionText Text in caption, size b
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Value: | invert | inherit Initial:
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Contents 19 Aural style sheets 19.1
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Another speech browser is being use
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19.5 Cue properties: ’cue-before
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Example(s): BLOCKQUOTE.sad { play-d
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elow Same as ’-90deg’. level Sa
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Values have the following meanings:
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none Punctuation is not to be spoke
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Appendix A. A sample style sheet fo
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Contents Appendix B. Changes from C
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Appendix C. Implementation and perf
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Multiple Master Font A Multiple Mas
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C.2 Font retrieval There are many d
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Stroke Variation Any (0) No Fit (1)
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to convert the information in a Tru
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Block Add Block name Unicode range
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307
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Contents Appendix D. The grammar of
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* after the "#"; e.g., "#000" is OK
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Contents Appendix E. References E.1
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[YACC] "YACC - Yet another compiler
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Appendix F. Property index Name ’
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Name Values ’float’ [p. 111] le
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Name ’overflow’ [p. 145] Values
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Appendix G. Descriptor index Name V
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:active, 294, 63 :after, 153, 68 :b
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’border-right-width’, 88 ’bor
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’definition-src’ (descriptor),
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hiragana-iroha, 169 horizontal marg
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message entity, 33 ’min-height’
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quad width, 44 ’quotes’, 157 RE
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’table-header-group’, 102 ’ta
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Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2 - World Wide Web Consortium

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