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Murdo E-edition.pdf - Pioneer Review

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Condition of the Winter Wheat<br />

Crop<br />

The fall of 2012 has been a challenge<br />

for South Dakota’s winter<br />

wheat producers as they faced<br />

very dry soil conditions to plant<br />

into. During the week of November<br />

25, 2012, 64 percent of winter<br />

wheat in South Dakota was rated<br />

in poor or very poor condition. This<br />

rating was the worst of any state<br />

in the primary winter wheat growing<br />

region.<br />

The quick development of<br />

severe to exceptional drought,<br />

according to the U.S. Drought<br />

Monitor (http://droughtmonitor.<br />

unl.edu/), has affected much of the<br />

wheat producing areas of the US.<br />

The winter wheat crop conditions<br />

in the central US has affected the<br />

national rating, which is now at its<br />

lowest level since records of this<br />

type began in 1986.<br />

The South Dakota Weekly Crop<br />

Weather Report, published by the<br />

National Agricultural Statistics<br />

Service puts the hard red winter<br />

wheat of South Dakota at 60 percent<br />

emerged as of 25 November.<br />

Other states have significantly<br />

better ratings, both in condition<br />

and percent emerged. Some people<br />

believe the report of 60 percent of<br />

winter wheat emerged seems high.<br />

The NASS crop progress estimates<br />

Extension News<br />

• Bob Fanning (605) 842-1267 •<br />

are based on a subjective opinion<br />

survey of county officials, which<br />

are not claimed to be statistically<br />

accurate. The important fact is<br />

that even if the figure is high, 60<br />

percent is the lowest percent of<br />

winter wheat emerged by late<br />

November in South Dakota since<br />

at least 1990. One other fall that<br />

stands out with a low percentage<br />

of winter wheat emergence in<br />

South Dakota was 2000, when 74<br />

percent of the crop was reported<br />

emerged in November. The<br />

statewide average yield in 2001<br />

was 32 Bu/acre, which tied for the<br />

second and third lowest yield since<br />

1990. It is not advisable to make<br />

yield predictions for the 2013 cropping<br />

season based on this however.<br />

Many areas where winter<br />

wheat was planted into dry soil<br />

have received small amounts of<br />

moisture via rain and/or snow.<br />

This limited moisture has caused<br />

some of the wheat to sprout, but<br />

little has actually emerged to a<br />

significant degree. These seedlings<br />

have used energy reserves from<br />

the seed, and have not been able to<br />

generate photosynthetic activity<br />

and develop crowns to store energy<br />

for winter survival. Without additional<br />

moisture, the sprouted<br />

seedlings may dry out and die.<br />

Dry soil cools off more quickly<br />

and will get colder than soil with<br />

Prepare for a healthy<br />

holiday with flu vaccination<br />

With the Christmas season and<br />

all its gatherings just around the<br />

corner, now is a good time to get a<br />

flu vaccination, says a state health<br />

official.<br />

“National Influenza Vaccination<br />

Week is December 2-8 and it’s a<br />

good reminder that getting vaccinated<br />

is the single best way to protect<br />

you and your loved ones from<br />

the flu,” said Dr. Lon Kightlinger,<br />

State Epidemiologist for the<br />

Department of Health. “Even<br />

healthy kids and adults can get<br />

very sick from the flu and its complications<br />

can lead to hospitalization<br />

and even death.”<br />

So far this flu season, South<br />

Dakota has reported 97 laboratory-confirmed<br />

cases of flu and 16<br />

flu-related hospitalizations.<br />

Kightlinger noted that not everyone<br />

who is sick seeks medical care<br />

or gets tested so the actual number<br />

of cases is higher.<br />

During the 2011-2012 season,<br />

51.1 percent of South Dakotans<br />

over age six months were vaccinated<br />

against the flu, the highest rate<br />

in the nation. “That’s good news,<br />

but there are still too many South<br />

Dakotans who don’t get vaccinated,”<br />

said Kightlinger.<br />

Annual flu vaccination is recommended<br />

for everyone, but some are<br />

at higher risk for complications –<br />

pregnant women, people over 50<br />

years and people with chronic<br />

medical conditions. Health-care<br />

workers and household contacts of<br />

high-risk populations such as<br />

those with young infants should<br />

also be vaccinated. Children are<br />

another high risk group, accounting<br />

for significant cases and hospitalizations<br />

each year and helping<br />

spread flu in the community. The<br />

department offers free flu vaccine<br />

for kids from six months to 18<br />

years.<br />

In addition to vaccination, to<br />

prevent the spread of the flu:<br />

• Wash your hands often with<br />

soap and water or use alcoholbased<br />

hand gel ;<br />

• Cover your mouth when you<br />

cough or sneeze;<br />

• Don’t touch your eyes, nose or<br />

mouth; and,<br />

• Stay home if you're sick.<br />

Learn more at http://flu.sd.gov<br />

<strong>Murdo</strong> Coyote<br />

<strong>Murdo</strong> Coyote • December 6, 2012 • Page 4<br />

adequate moisture, if low air temperatures<br />

occur without snow for<br />

insulation. This potential exposure<br />

to low temperatures could<br />

contribute to significant winterkill<br />

for a crop in marginal condition.<br />

Moisture in the form of either rain<br />

or snow would improve the condition<br />

of the crop and chances for its<br />

survival. However prospects for<br />

moisture don’t look good.<br />

Producers may want to wait<br />

before making decisions such as<br />

fertilizing until they have a better<br />

handle on the potential of the crop.<br />

As spring approaches, winter<br />

wheat growers will want to assess<br />

the condition of the crop. If the<br />

crop is insured, producers should<br />

contact their crop insurance agent<br />

before taking steps to terminate<br />

the crop and initiate alternative<br />

plans.<br />

The good news is that if the crop<br />

survives, it is almost certain that<br />

the plants will vernalize and produce<br />

a seed head. All that is necessary<br />

for the winter wheat plants to<br />

vernalize is for the kernel to take<br />

on moisture and swell, and go<br />

through a period of about three<br />

weeks at about 40 degrees or<br />

lower. It is almost unheard of for<br />

winter wheat planted in the fall in<br />

South Dakota to not complete that<br />

process. It is well known among<br />

producers that wheat, particularly<br />

winter wheat, is a tough crop and<br />

can surprise you with its resiliency.<br />

For more information, visit<br />

http://igrow.org/agronomy/wheat/.<br />

Calendar<br />

12/11/2012 – Soil Health Info Day-<br />

Davison County Extension Complex,<br />

Mitchell, SD<br />

TESTOSTERONE REPLACE-<br />

MENT THERAPY<br />

The gentleman came to the clinic<br />

to discuss one of the many television<br />

advertisements that he<br />

seen. He was 55 and wanted more<br />

information about the benefits and<br />

risks of testosterone replacement<br />

therapy. I told him this was a very<br />

complex consideration.<br />

To begin with, there is a huge<br />

variation in both the testosterone<br />

levels in the normal male population<br />

and in the response to those<br />

testosterone levels. On average, a<br />

normal male secretes 10 milligrams<br />

of testosterone per day or<br />

about 300 milligrams per month.<br />

But the body habitus of individuals<br />

in our society is variable.<br />

There are those that are short,<br />

stocky, and bald. Then there are<br />

those that are tall, thin, and still<br />

have full head of hair at 70 years<br />

of age. At least part of this difference<br />

has to do with the response to<br />

a given testosterone level that a<br />

person has in addition to whatever<br />

variability there is in the serum<br />

testosterone levels. A low blood<br />

testosterone level is a statistical<br />

number with very little meaning<br />

by itself. The importance of the<br />

testosterone level in the blood is<br />

how the person responds to it.<br />

The classical symptoms of low<br />

testosterone level include a<br />

decreased libido, a low energy<br />

level, a depressed mood, a low<br />

muscle mass, osteoporosis, erectile<br />

dysfunction and increased body<br />

fat. This is a broad and vague<br />

group of symptoms that might<br />

come from multiple different causes.<br />

When first evaluated it is<br />

important to be sure that the person’s<br />

pituitary function, thyroid<br />

function, and adrenal function are<br />

The Clinical View<br />

• Dr. P.E. Hoffsten •<br />

all normal. A routine health<br />

screening is important prior to initiating<br />

testosterone replacement<br />

therapy.<br />

If the above symptoms are present<br />

and can be shown to be associated<br />

with a low serum testosterone<br />

in the absence of other causes, the<br />

next step is to be sure that there<br />

are not contraindications to the<br />

use of testosterone replacement<br />

therapy. Among these would be<br />

breast cancer, obstructive sleep<br />

apnea, symptomatic prostate<br />

enlargement, poorly controlled<br />

heart failure, and a condition<br />

called polycythemia, meaning that<br />

more than 50 percent of the blood<br />

content is red cells. A controversial<br />

consideration has to do with<br />

whether or not the person has cancer<br />

of the prostate with a high<br />

PSA. This is listed as an absolute<br />

contraindication although some<br />

authorities do not agree with that<br />

at all.<br />

If there are no contraindications<br />

and the person would like to<br />

change the way he feels, the use of<br />

testosterone replacement therapy<br />

can be tried. By far the cheapest<br />

method is an injection given every<br />

10 days to two weeks with a product<br />

called testosterone cipionate.<br />

This is an injection of 100-200 milligrams<br />

of testosterone every 10<br />

days to two weeks. The average<br />

cost of this would be around 20<br />

dollars a month. The product that<br />

the gentleman had inquired about<br />

on television was called Axiron. It<br />

is a spray that goes into the person’s<br />

arm pits daily. The cost of<br />

this is around $375 dollars a<br />

month. Getting “preauthorization”<br />

or insurance approval is going to<br />

be an issue. There are two other<br />

products commonly used. One is<br />

called an Androderm patch in<br />

which the person puts two patches<br />

on at bedtime. This is $367 dollars<br />

a month. A product called Andro-<br />

Gel is applied to the chest and<br />

shoulders. This is $364 dollars a<br />

month. The two products as a<br />

spray and a gel carry with them<br />

the risk of rubbing some of the<br />

material off onto a female partner<br />

which may not be desired at all.<br />

The use of a pill is available overseas<br />

but the pill forms have never<br />

been felt safe and are not FDA<br />

approved for sale in the United<br />

States.<br />

A review of this topic recently<br />

appeared in the Cleveland Clinic<br />

Journal of Medicine for November<br />

of 2012. Among the clinical benefits<br />

listed in that article, is relief of<br />

all of the symptoms mentioned<br />

above. To me, the most striking<br />

clinical benefits include improvement<br />

in the metabolic syndrome.<br />

Note that the metabolic syndrome<br />

is made up of diabetes, hypertension,<br />

dyslipidemia, and obesity.<br />

Testosterone replacement therapy<br />

improved men with the metabolic<br />

syndrome by 12 weeks after starting<br />

the medication. Even more<br />

striking was there reference to a<br />

five year study demonstrating the<br />

significant longevity benefit from<br />

men using testosterone replacement<br />

therapy. Multiple small studies<br />

have demonstrated a high mortality<br />

in aged matched men with<br />

low testosterone levels.<br />

In summary, for those who have<br />

tried other methods without success,<br />

the use of testosterone therapy<br />

is reasonably priced and safe.<br />

The use of the television advertised<br />

Axiron or AndroGel or Androderm<br />

is a much more expensive<br />

undertaking.<br />

Number of homeless in South Dakota decreases<br />

On September 25, 2012, South<br />

Dakota Housing for the Homeless<br />

Consortium (SDHHC) conducted a<br />

one-day survey to identify homeless<br />

families and individuals<br />

throughout the state of South<br />

Dakota. Over the 24 hour period,<br />

1,166 individuals, including 336<br />

children, were counted, representing<br />

a 26 percent decline from the<br />

1,453 individuals identified in<br />

2011.<br />

In 2009, South Dakota received<br />

over $3.2 million in Homelessness<br />

Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing<br />

Program (HPRP) funding. The<br />

HPRP program, which ended on<br />

September 1, 2012, provided funding<br />

for rental assistance, security<br />

deposit, and utility deposits. In<br />

addition to the financial assistance,<br />

case management provided<br />

necessary services to help HPRP<br />

participants maintain housing.<br />

“Though the HPRP grant ended on<br />

September 1st, the successful<br />

results showed in our recent count.<br />

The decrease in homelessness is<br />

due largely in part to the HPRP<br />

program”, said Lisa Bondy,<br />

SDHHC Coordinator.<br />

Also, SDHHC will take the<br />

results from the 2012 count to create<br />

goals and objectives for the<br />

South Dakota’s Ten-Year Plan to<br />

End Homelessness which is currently<br />

being created.<br />

“We know that short-term assistance<br />

is not going to fix long-term<br />

barriers. The Ten-Year Plan will<br />

create specific objectives for reducing<br />

barriers for homeless individuals<br />

and families to reduce recidivism<br />

back into homelessness,” said<br />

Bondy.<br />

The statewide survey was broken<br />

down into three geographical<br />

areas according to counties: West<br />

River, East River and Central<br />

South Dakota. The Homeless<br />

Advisory Board in Sioux Falls,<br />

Black Hills Region Homeless<br />

Coalition, and South Dakota<br />

Housing Development Authority<br />

(SDHDA), were responsible for<br />

coordinating the counts.<br />

“SDHHC relies on community<br />

volunteers, law enforcement,<br />

faith-based organizations, and<br />

other agencies to help conduct the<br />

count in their areas”, said Bondy.<br />

“It is a great opportunity for agencies<br />

to come together for one specific<br />

cause to help those less fortunate<br />

in their community and to<br />

find out what barriers exist.”<br />

A few statistics from the 2012<br />

count:<br />

•Majority of homeless individuals<br />

and families were staying in<br />

emergency shelters, transitional<br />

housing or hotel/motels.<br />

•The prime reason for homelessness<br />

was Lost Job/Unemployment<br />

and Substance abuse issues;<br />

•Majority of the homeless were<br />

26-35 years of age;<br />

•Of the 1,153, 131 were sleeping<br />

outdoors the night of the count<br />

(15 of them were children)<br />

•15 percent of the homeless<br />

population were veterans<br />

•94 percent of those surveyed<br />

stated their income comes from<br />

employment<br />

•35 percent of the homeless<br />

individuals (with no family) had<br />

high school diplomas, while 20<br />

percent had some college credits<br />

•Homeless individuals, male<br />

and female, stated their need was<br />

full time employment to help them<br />

get into housing as well as assistance<br />

with first month’s rent and<br />

deposit.<br />

For more detailed results,<br />

please see our website at<br />

www.housingforthehomeless.org.<br />

Reducing the number of homeless<br />

individuals is a national and<br />

state priority. By combining the<br />

results from this count with a plan<br />

of action, SDHHC can assist its<br />

members in seeking the appropriate<br />

changes needed to address<br />

these problems. SDHHC encourages<br />

anyone who is interested in<br />

participating in this effort to<br />

please contact Lisa Bondy at<br />

South Dakota Housing Development<br />

Authority, (605) 773.3445 or<br />

lisab@sdhda.org.<br />

Are you advertising?<br />

In a tight market, keep people thinking about you,<br />

Not the Other Guy.<br />

To advertise, call the <strong>Murdo</strong> Coyote at<br />

605-669-2271

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