Measuring (PDF file, 7.31 MB) - Oklahoma Department of Career ...

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Structural Engineering What You Will Do: • Measure items around the classroom and your home. • Research one or two modern disasters and complete an information sheet about it. • Research types of bridges and, if approved by your instructor, other types of structures and write a short description of each. • Design, build, and test a bridge—your instructor will tell you whether it will be designed and built on the computer or from real materials. • Write an essay about the bridge-building process. • Design and build the tallest possible structure that will support a tennis ball for 30 seconds using drinking straws and masking tape or other materials approved by your instructor. • Complete assigned activities using The World of Goo software. As you complete levels in the software, you will list the physics principles that helped solve the level. • Using software such as Roller Coaster Tycoon, Ultimate Ride Coaster, or other structure building software, design, build, and test a coaster. Write a paragraph describing the success or failure of your design. • Watch a DVD or TV show about modern marvels or big construction and complete an information sheet about it. • Solve a dam-building challenge. • Design and prepare a fi nal sketch of a power tool racer. Structural Engineering CIMC — Copyright © 2010 2
Lesson 1: Measuring People have been measuring items for a long time. The early systems of measurement were usually based on things like the length of a person’s arm, thumb, fi nger, or foot. This worked well if the person doing the measuring was personally using everything measured. Wood cut based on one person’s foot will fit together. But what might happen if more than one person was measuring pieces of wood, using his or her foot, that had to fit together? Would the wood be cut to the same size if two people were told to cut wood into 4-foot pieces, but one used the red foot and the other the purple foot? Does this sound like an accurate way to measure? Because of these problems and inaccuracies, people began to devise ways to make the units of measurement standard so that everyone would think the same thing when told something was four feet long. Today, units of measure are standardized throughout the world. Did You Know? Many of us use or have heard terms like “in a jiffy,” “just a tad,” and “a smidgeon.” According to Useless Measurement and Trivia (www.rob.neff.net/rob/trivia.html#offtrack), the following are definitions of some of these measurements. skosh = 4 smidgeons smidgeon = couple tads 1 tad = just a mite quite a little bit = 100 skosh bookoodles = 1000 quite a little bits jiffy = 3.3357x10-11 seconds Usually it is important to measure accurately, but sometimes measurements don’t have to be exact. For example, you may be given instructions to measure something “to the nearest inch.” This means that your answer should be in whole inches. When you are given this kind of specifi cation, your measurement may not be exact. It could be as far off as one-half of the unit of measure. In this example, if the object you measured was 3¼", and you were asked to give the answer to the nearest inch, your answer would be 3". If you had said 4", you would be more wrong than one-half the unit of measurement (in this case, ½"). This is known as a margin of error. If you are asked Structural Engineering Structural Engineering CIMC — Copyright © 2010 3
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Measuring (PDF file, 7.31 MB) - Oklahoma Department of Career ...

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