71419 History A.indd - Pearson Schools

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Teacher Materials HISTORY A Democracy and Dictatorship in Germany 1919–1963 Professor Mary Fulbrook and David Williamson | Series consultant: Chris Taylor Democracy and Dictatorship in Germany 1919–1963 LiveText CD-ROM with Planning and Delivery Resource Official Publisher Partnership ● ● ● Enlarge and project every part and every page of the Student Book Video clips, audio files, additonal sources and other resources Lesson plans, customisable worksheets and Schemes of Work provide inspirational new ideas to reinforce key concepts and support the new areas of specification 8 Teaching and suggested homework activities are linked clearly to relevant pages in the additional resources to save you time and bring History to life.
5 The division of Germany after 1945 and the establishment of Communist GDR up to 1963 AS History OCR A Democracy and Dictatorship in Germany 1919–63 P Bizonia A British–American merging of zones for ease of administration in 1947. Trizonia When the French joined Bizonia in 1949 it became known as Trizonia. prized possessions, became widespread currency. Those who lived on the land, or who were unemployed and hence able to go out scavenging, were often better off than those with wages, working in towns. The difficulties of achieving economic recovery led to pressures to relax inter-zonal boundaries. In 1947 the British and Americans merged to form Bizonia, an economic unit which could be administered in common. The French at first resisted, but eventually came to join what now became Trizonia with effect from the beginning of 1949. The capitalist economy of West Germany was effectively resuscitated with little change in either structure or personnel, quite unlike the situation in the East. Growing divergence between the economies of the western and the Soviet zones, as well as disputes over Soviet reparations from the western zones, led to greater tensions between the western powers and their former Soviet Allies. The Cold War, the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan By the spring of 1946, the Western Allies claimed that the Soviets were seeking to expand their sphere of influence. Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill famously articulated this concern in his ‘Iron Curtain’ speech, delivered in Missouri on 5 March 1946 (see Source A). ACTIVITY Period Studies 1 ‘At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life.’ How far do you agree with this view? 2 To what extent was the Truman Doctrine the main reason for the stablilisation of West Germany? Sources All photos can be enlarged for whole class discussion. Figure 5.4 Soviet soldiers overseeing the taking of reparations, in the rather unusual form of cows, through the ruined streets of Berlin. Why was Germany divided in 1949? It was clear already in the early months after the end of the war that there was fundamental distrust building up between the Allies – distrust which had, perhaps only tactically, been kept under control while the principal goal was to defeat the common enemy of Nazism. Among western historians, the traditional view was that Stalin had evil designs to spread Communism in a bid for eventual world domination. Revisionist historians argued that the Cold War was stirred up more by US fear of Communism than by any realistic analysis of the Soviet threat at the time: following the devastating experiences of German invasion and destruction, the Soviet Union was in no economic shape to seek any kind of expansion or commit military resources to new conflicts. Furthermore, the US stood to gain both economically and politically by its new interventionist role in Europe and the wider world. Current thinking suggests at least that Stalin was keeping his options open at the time. A Winston Churchill outlines his views on the emerging Communist influence: From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe… and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow… [I]n a great number of countries, far from the Russian frontiers and throughout the world, Communist fifth columns are established and work in complete unity and absolute obedience to the directions they receive from the Communist centre… . Reprinted in Martin McCauley (ed.), (1983).The Origins of the Cold War (pp. 114–15). Harlow: Longman. B US President Truman’s speech to Congress, 12 March 1947: At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, Fear of Communist expansion in south-eastern Europe led directly to the Truman Doctrine in which it became a major US foreign policy goal to prop up governments fighting for ‘freedom’ against Communist influence. free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way… The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want, They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. We must keep that hope alive. The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms… Great responsibilities have been placed upon us… . Reprinted in Martin McCauley (ed.) (1983). The Origins of the Cold War (pp. 121–22). Harlow: Longman. 138 139 A wealth of further sources and activities are now included to extend students’ knowledge. Materials follow the specification exactly. xxxxxx Sample pages and shot from OCR A Level History A Democracy and Dictatorship in Germany 1919–1963 LiveText CD-ROM with Planning and Delivery Resource 9
Page 1 and 2: Course Guide OCR A Level History A
Page 3 and 4: What you can expect from Heinemann
Page 5 and 6: HISTORY A Democracy and Church and
Page 7: Sample shot from OCR History A Leve
Page 11 and 12: AS Student Book Contents Page Conte

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