GEO Haiti 2010

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GEO HAITI • 2010 34 PAE : Plan d’Action pour l’Environnement PAHO/WHO : Panamerican Health Organization /World Health Organization PAM : Programme Alimentaire Mondiale PAPDA : Plateforme Haïtienne de Plaidoyer pour un Développement Alternatif PAS : Politiques d’Ajustement Structurel PED : Pays en développement PIB : Produit Intérieur Brut PMA : Pays Moins Avancés PNGRD : Plan National de Gestion de Risques et des Désastres PNUD : Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement POCHEP : Poste Communautaire d’Hygiène et d’Eau Potable POPs : Polluants Organiques Persistants PSSA : Programme Spécial de Sécurité Alimentaire PUIDA : Programme d’Interventions Urgentes dans le Domaine Agricole RDDH : Réseau de Développement Durable Haïti SAH : Société Audubon Haïti SEDREN : Société d’Exploitation et de Développement Économique et Naturel SGV : Société Ste. Geneviève SMSCRS : Service Métropolitain de Collecte des Résidus Solides SNEP : Service National de l’Eau Potable SNGRD : Systéme National de Gestion des Risques et Désastres SNRE : Service National des Ressources en Eau SNU : Système des Nations Unies TELECO : Télécommunications d’Haïti S.A.M TEP : Tonnes d’équivalent en pétrole TM : Tonne métrique TPTC : Ministère de Travaux Publics, Transport et Communication UE : Union Européenne UEH : Université d’État d’Haïti ULCC : Unité de Lutte Contre la Corruption UNDAF : United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA : United Nations Population Fund UniQ : Université Quisqueya UNS : United Nations System USA : États-Unis d’Amérique USAID : United States Agency for International Development USSC : United States Southern Command UTSIG : Unité de Télédétection et de Système d’Information Géographique WFP : United Nations World Food Programme WRI : World Resource Institute
State of the Environment Report 2010 35 Executive Summary The Republic of Haiti, a territory of 27,750 km 2 , occupies a third of the surface area of the island of Hispaniola, one of the largest in the Caribbean. The country’s capital, Port-au-Prince, includes 12 townships and is home to 25% of the population of Haiti, which accounts for 63% of all urban populations within the country (IHSI, 2003a). The name « Ayiti », which means “Land of high mountains” or “The Mountain in the sea”, is derived from the language of the Tainos, the Amerindians of the insular Caribbean. Peaceful people, they were involved in agriculture, fishing and croppicking, and at the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World in 1492, the Spaniards called the island “Hispaniola”. Later, a division resulting from the treaty of Ryswick (1677) separated the island in two; the western portion (the future Haiti) was given to France and named Saint Domingue, while Spain retained the eastern portion. The colony of Saint Domingue experienced unequalled prosperity as one of the region’s main sugar and coffee producers, and its external trade was among France’s most profitable activities. However the organization of the colony was based on a much criticized social and economic system, which led to a revolution. This revolution represents the first successful rebellion of slaves in the modern world and resulted in the establishment in 1804 of the Republic of Haiti, as the first free black republic in the world. This country also wished to serve as an example and prove to the rest of the world that no race was inferior and that Blacks could attain a level of civilization equivalent, or even superior, to that of other races. Haiti, under Alexandre Pétion, also supported the emancipation of other American colonies under the tutelage of the Europeans. Countries such as Venezuela, Mexico, Jamaica, Cuba and the Dominican Republic benefitted from significant assistance (financial, aid in men and ammunition) from Haiti. According to Pétion, the freedom of the people of Haiti would be threatened as long as there remained enslaved populations in the Americas. The history of Haiti is one of heroism and grandeur, although it is marked by a long succession of difficult political, social and economic events. For the past twenty years, Haiti’s economy has been confronting a period of turbulence and the country has faced a serious political and economic crises. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) fell during the first half of 1990 as a result of the sociopolitical instability at that time. Calculated at nearly US$3 billion at the beginning of 1991, the GDP fell to US$2.5 billion in 1995, slightly rising to US$2.8 billion in 2001. However, since 2005, an upward trend has been observed, allowing the GDP to attain a value of US$3.4 billion in 2007 (UNDP, 2007). That year, this indicator grew by 3.2% (IHSI, 2008) in relation to the previous year because of the re-establishment of a favorable economic climate. It must be noted however, that the per capita GDP, which currently stands at around US$500, has never regained the historic level of US$3,151 that it attained in 1980 (UNDP, 2007). Young people account for a high proportion of the Haitian population with more than half of the population under 21 years of age, and of this number, 36.5% under the age of 15. The population of over 65 years of age represents a mere 5.1% of the total population, and the male/female ratio shows a slight preponderance of women (51%).
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GEO Haiti 2010

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