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East India Company Shareholders and the South Sea Bubble

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4<br />

1720 as an asset bubble. We shall show that this is <strong>the</strong> source of our pre-occupation<br />

with analysing stock inventory behaviour in a network. It is also why we conduct<br />

much of our analysis on a time-series of network subgraphs so that we can obtain a<br />

perspective on how network structure dynamically changes. Along with a way of<br />

doing dynamic network analysis, we use social affiliation data to show how we can<br />

partition our networks <strong>and</strong> demonstrate <strong>the</strong> social dimension of investor behaviour as<br />

well.<br />

2. The <strong>South</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Bubble</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>East</strong> <strong>India</strong> <strong>Company</strong><br />

It is important to set <strong>the</strong> historical background of <strong>the</strong> <strong>South</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Bubble</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> EIC‟s<br />

position within it. The <strong>South</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Company</strong> was set up in 1711 with a capital stock of<br />

more than £9 million. It was created in order to buy existing short-term government<br />

debt <strong>and</strong> to help manage <strong>the</strong> national debt in a way similar to that followed by <strong>the</strong><br />

BoE. In addition to this role, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Company</strong> purposed to trade with <strong>the</strong> Spanish Empire<br />

(Section V. A., Scott, 1910). By some persons Spanish America was seen as a more<br />

promising trade area than was <strong>India</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Far <strong>East</strong>, as it was more accessible <strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> customers were more likely to purchase traditional English exports such as cloth<br />

<strong>and</strong> iron goods. For Spanish colonists ordinary trade with any country except Spain<br />

was strictly forbidden, but after <strong>the</strong> conclusion of <strong>the</strong> Treaty of Utrecht (1712), <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>South</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Company</strong> was given sole rights to carry on British trade with Spanish<br />

America – <strong>the</strong> so-called <strong>South</strong> <strong>Sea</strong>s. The <strong>South</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Company</strong> had also obtained for 30<br />

years <strong>the</strong> Asiento de Negros, a contract to be <strong>the</strong> sole supplier of slaves to <strong>the</strong> <strong>South</strong><br />

<strong>Sea</strong>s. Britain already had colonies in <strong>the</strong> Caribbean <strong>and</strong>, as a result, had a large share

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