History of Jesuits

Chapter 9
COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES AND BANISHMENT.
England—Poland—Cardinal Hosius—Sigismund III—Ruin of Poland—Jesuit Missions in the East Indies—
Numbers of their Converts—Their Missions in Abyssinia—Their Kingdom of Paraguay—Their Trading
Establishments in the West Indies—Episode of Father la Valette— Bankruptcy—Trial—Their Constitutions
brought to Light — Banished from all Popish Kingdoms—Suppressed by Clement XIV—The Pope Dies
Suddenly—The Order Restored by Plus VII—The Jesuits the Masters of the Pope.
OF the entrance of the Jesuits into England, the arts they employed, the disguises they wore, the seditions they
sowed, the snares they laid for the life of the sovereign, and the plots they concocted for the overthrow of the
Protestant Church, we shall have an opportunity of speaking when we come to narrate the history of Protestantism
in Great Britain. Meanwhile, we consider their career in Poland.
Cardinal Hosius opened the gates of this country to the Jesuits. Till then Poland was a flourishing country,
united at home and powerful abroad. Its literature and science during the half-century preceding had risen to
an eminence that placed Poland on a par with the most enlightened countries of Christendom. It enjoyed a
measure of toleration which was then unknown to most of the nations of Europe. Foreign Protestants fled to
it as a refuge from the persecution to which they were exposed in their native land, bringing to their adopted
country their skill, their wealth, and their energy. Its trade increased, and its towns grew in population and
riches. Italian, German, French, and Scottish Protestant congregations existed at Cracow, Vilna, and Posnania.1
Such was Poland before the foot of Jesuit had touched its soil.
But from the hour that the disciples of Loyola entered the country Poland began to decline. The Jesuits became
supreme at court; the monarch Sigismund III, gave himself entirely up to their guidance; no one could hope to
rise in the State who did not pay court to them; the education of youth was wholly in their hands, and the
effects became speedily visible in the decay of literature,2 and the growing decrepitude of the national mind.
At home the popular liberties were attacked in the persons of the Protestants, and abroad the nation was
humiliated by a foreign policy inspired by the Jesuits, which drew upon the country the contempt and hostility
of neighboring powers. These evil courses of intrigue and faction within the country, and impotent and arrogant
policy outside of it, were persisted in till the natural issue was reached in the partition of Poland. It is at
the door of the Jesuits that the fall of that once-enlightened, prosperous, and powerful nation is to be laid.
It concerns us less to follow the Jesuits into those countries which lie beyond the boundaries of Christendom,
unless in so far as their doings in these regions may help to throw light on their principles and tactics. In
following their steps among heathen nations and savage races, it is alike impossible to withhold our admiration
of their burning zeal and intrepid courage, or our wonder at their prodigiously rapid success. No sooner
had the Jesuit missionary set foot on a new shore, or preached, by an interpreter it might be, his first sermon
in a heathen city, than his converts were to be counted in tens of thousands. Speaking of their missions in
India, Sacchinus, their historian, says that “ten thousand men were baptized in the space of one year.”3 When
the Jesuit mission to the East Indies was set on foot in 1559, Torrez procured royal letters to the Portuguese
viceroys and governors, empowering them to lend their assistance to the missionaries for the conversion of the
Indians. This shortened the process wonderfully. All that had to be done was to ascertain the place where the
natives were assembled for some religious festival, and surround them with a troop of soldiers, who, with
leveled muskets, offered them the alternative of baptism. The rite followed immediately upon the acceptance
of the alternative; and next day the baptized were taught the sign of the cross. In this excellent and summary
way was the evangelization of the island of Goa effected!4