Atlantic Forage Guide - Perennia

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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 FORAGE ESTABLISHMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Seedbed preparation ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Inoculation of legumes ................................................................................................................................... 4 Coated seed ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Seeding method .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Direct seeding ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Underseeding/cover crops/companion crops .................................................................................................. 6 WEED CONTROL ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Mechanical weed control ................................................................................................................................. 7 Cultural weed control ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Biological weed control................................................................................................................................... 7 Chemical weed control .................................................................................................................................... 7 FERTILIZING FORAGES ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Fertilizing in the seeding year ........................................................................................................................ 8 Fertilizing established stands ........................................................................................................................ 10 Fertilizing pastures ........................................................................................................................................ 12 COMMON INSECT PESTS ...................................................................................................................................... 12 European skipper ........................................................................................................................................... 12 Alfalfa blotch leafminer ................................................................................................................................ 13 Armyworm .................................................................................................................................................... 13 COMMON DISEASES .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Legume diseases ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Grass diseases ................................................................................................................................................ 14 CROP MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 15 Harvest management ..................................................................................................................................... 15 Fall management .......................................................................................................................................... 16 Pasture management ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Forages for soil improvement ....................................................................................................................... 17 PERENNIAL FORAGE SPECIES ............................................................................................................................. 18 Choosing a mixture ....................................................................................................................................... 18 Red clover ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 Alfalfa 19 White clover .................................................................................................................................................. 19 Birdsfoot trefoil ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Alsike clover ................................................................................................................................................. 20 Sweet clover…… .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Timothy 21 Smooth bromegrass ....................................................................................................................................... 21 2
Meadow bromegrass ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Orchardgrass.................................................................................................................................................. 22 Meadow fescue .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Perennial ryegrass ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Reed canarygrass ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Tall fescue ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 Kentucky bluegrass ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Creeping red fescue ....................................................................................................................................... 24 ANNUAL FORAGE CROPS ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Persian clover ................................................................................................................................................ 24 Berseem clover .............................................................................................................................................. 25 Italian and Westerwolds ryegrass .................................................................................................................. 25 Cereals… ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 Green fodder crops ........................................................................................................................................ 26 Kale 26 Forage rape .................................................................................................................................................. .26 Stubble turnips............................................................................................................................................... 26 Fodder beets .................................................................................................................................................. 27 List of Tables Table 1. Sensitivity of forage species to soil acidity……………………………………………………………………8 Table 2. Recommended fertilization for forages in the seeding year (broadcast-seeded forage, sown alone or with companion cereals)...................................................................................................…………………………9 Table 3. Average dry matter and nutrient concentration of manures on Nova Scotia farms.........................................10 Table 4. Fertilization of established forage stands.......................................................................................................11 Table 5. Average optimum dates for first cuts of forage grasses and legumes in production.......................................15 Table 6. Root mass of grasses and legumes in the top 15 cm of soil in the seeding year, Charlottetown, PEI.............17 3
Page 1: Atlantic Forage Guide The Atlantic
Page 5 and 6: air. Pre-inoculated seed is availab
Page 7 and 8: Mechanical weed control Mechanical
Page 9 and 10: Table 2. Recommended fertilization
Page 11 and 12: Table 4. Fertilization of establish
Page 13 and 14: midsummer. The larvae are light gre
Page 15 and 16: Harvesting should be timed to maxim
Page 17 and 18: To maintain soil fertility, crops s
Page 19 and 20: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Alfalfa i
Page 21 and 22: the proper strain of Rhizobium bact
Page 23 and 24: loses quality rapidly after heading
Page 25 and 26: yields. Italian ryegrass is best su

Atlantic Forage Guide - Perennia

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